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Book. 



V 

MEMOIRS 



AND 



SELECT REMAINS 



O F 



WILLIAM C. BUSHNELL, 



11 Virtue grew daily stronger, sin** 
Decayed; his enemies, repulsed, retired 
Till, at the stature of a perfect man 
In Christ arrived, and with the Spirit filled, 
He gained the harbor of eternal rest." 

POLLOK. 






NEW- HAVEN: 

D URRIE AND PECK* 
1833, 



. 1 5V 



Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 
1833, by E. Bushnell, in the Clerk's office of the Dis- 
trict Court of Connecticut District. 



/Sf? 



Printed by n. whiting. 



PREFACE. 



Soon after the death of the lamented subject of the 
following pages, several persons who had been wel* 
acquainted with his character, expressed a desire that 
a memoir of his life should be published. This was 
met With the concurrence of many, who Considered 
that the biography of one so beloved and emi- 
nently pious, Would be a consolation to his friends, 
and subserve the interests of religion. With the 
hope of effecting both, and particularly the latter 
of these objects, this little volume is now presented to 
the public. 

Much has been omitted: but the object has been to 
select such variety as would best exhibit the several 
features of his character, and his growth in piety. 
Remarks have generally been withheld, except such as 
were deemed necessary to preserve a connexion in the 
narrative. Extracts from his correspondence and dia- 
ry, have been inserted in the order of time in which 
they were written. 

His letters and papers were written under peculiar 
disadvantages. It cannot be expected, that a mechanic 
who spends the day, and during half the year, the 
evening, in the workshop, can write with correctness 
and taste. Yet these papers will be found to contain 



IV 



good sense,, a jewel of sterling worth, which although 
it may not be polished and set to the best advantage, 
cannot fail to arrest the attention, and excite admira- 
tion. But the spirit of ardent piety which they breathe, 
constitutes their real value. With this view, their in* 
sertion is believed to be a simple mode of developing 
his character. 

To that numerous class of society whose time is 
chiefly occupied in manual labor, and yet who wish 
to improve their minds and do good to others, it is 
believed that his example may be confidently reconv, 
mended for their imitation. His judicious improve, 
ment of time, and assiduous industry, together with 
the benevolence of his disposition, manifested in gen- 
erous efforts for the welfare of others, are such as 
commend themselves to persons in the common walks 
of life ; and if exercised, would secure to them a high 
degree of respect, and render them blessings to soci- 
ety. By all who love the cause of our Lord Jesus 
Christ, it is believed that the work will be perused 
with interest and profit; and, so far as it shall lead to 
a religious life, or to greater attainments in Christian 
excellence, its highest object will be gained. 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. Page 

Early life of Mr. Bushnell. — His education and 
early habits. — His apprenticeship. — Takes his 
station in society. — His character. — Views on 
the subject of religion 7 

CHAPTER II. 

Becomes interested in the subject of religion. — 
His religious experience as related by himself. 
— His religious character IS 

CHAPTER III. 
Makes a profession of religion. — Remarks on his 
correspondence. — Letter to his cousin. — Letter 
to his sister.— Lettei to Mr. P . ... 21 

CHAPTER IV. 

Becomes a member of the Bible class in Meriden. — 
Brief notice of the class. — Extract from an ad- 
dress before the class. — Further extracts from 
his correspondence. — Address at the Monthly- 
Concert. — His connexion with the Sabbath 
School. — Remarks. ......... 31 



VI 



CHAPTER V. 
His determination to commence a course of 
study. — Reasons for so doing. — Becomes a 
member of Monson Academy. — Rules of con- 
duct. — Extracts from his diary and correspon- 
dence. — Remarks on his habits. — Failure of his 
health . 74 

CHAPTER VI. 

Measures taken to regain his health. — Letter to 
Mr. M. — Gives up the expectation of recov- 
ery. — Attends to his secular concerns. — His 
desire to converse on the subject of religion 
and death. — His concern for the church. — 
Letters. — His faith and patience. — Desires the 
prayers of the church. — Rapid failure of his 
health. — His dying counsel. — His death. — Re- 
marks. — Extracts from essays 105 

Tributary Lines 161 



MEMOIRS. 



CHAPTER I. 

Edriy life of Mr. Bushnell.— His education and early 
habits.— His apprenticeship.— Takes his station in 
society.— His character.— Views on the subject of 
religion. 

William Chatocey Bushnell was born 
in Saybrook, Conn., on the 20th of October, 
1804. His parents, Eber and Sarah Bushnell, 
were also natives of Saybrook ; and the sub- 
ject of these memoirs was in infancy dedica- 
ted to God by baptism. 

Favored with the instructions and prayers 
of a pious mother, lasting impressions of the 
importance of vital religion were early made 
upon his mind, although he continued for 
some time to live a stranger to its power. His 
boyhood was marked with a more than ordi- 
nary attachment to books ; and, as an occu- 
pation for his leisure hours, he preferred read- 
ing to the ruder sports which usually engage 
2 



s 



the attention of children. This habit early 
formed, led him to spend much of his time 
alone ; yet, he would frequently join his fel- 
lows in their amusements, and manifest that 
cheerfulness and vivacity which made him an 
agreeable companion. 

The period of his youth was spent at home* 
and marked with but little variety. He en- 
joyed the advantages of a common school with 8 
little interruption until his eighteenth year ; 
during which time he acquired a considerable 
acquaintance with common English studies. 
His winter evenings and other like opportuni- 
ties were generally spent in reading.- His at- 
tention was directed, chjefly to woiks of a 
standard character ; and those of history were* 
generally preferred, He read not so much 
for amusement, as for the acquisition of valiw 
able knowledge, Indeed, k was a principle 
with him,, never to indulge himself in reading- 
works of fiction ; and, whenever he made 
any addition to his library, his selection was 
from authors of the most substantial kind* He 
seldom read a book once without giving it a 
second, and often a third perusal. In this 
way, he acquired knowledge not so rapidly as 
many, but what he thus read, was seldom for- 



While under the immediate care of his pa- 
rents, he cheerfully yielded to their authority, 
and their feelings were carefully consulted be- 
fore engaging in any enterprise. iSor was he 
influenced in his conduct by a mere sense of 
right ; but his kindness towards them was 
prompted by a generous lilial affection, disco- 
vering itself in acts of generosity so long as he 
lived ; and every mark of parental tenderness 
bestowed upon him in childhood, was affec- 
tionately reciprocated in his riper years. 

From a boy, he had a predilection for the 
joiner's trade ; and in the spring of 1821, he 
commenced work as a apprentice at that bu- 
siness, Mr. S , under whom he served, 

was not only a good mechanic, but a man of 
intelligence on general subjects, and a devoted 
Christian. Placed under the influence of 
such a man, he was strengthened ia every 

good purpose. Mr. S ■ was always 

ready to encourage in young men such habits 
as may render them useful in society, and 
raise them to honorable distinction. Although 
Mr. Bushnell, at this time, had a good degree 
of decision, yet he was afraid of being thought 
singular. Being of that age, when a power- 
ful influence is exerted by companions, he did 



10 



not possess that firmness of character which 
rendered him perfectly secure. Instead of en- 
gaging promptly in what his judgment ap- 
proved, there was a wavering of mind, dis- 
posing him to consult the opinions of others, 
At this crisis he was placed under the direct 
influence of one, whose counsel and example 
would be his strong defence. During a peri- 
od of about four years, he became acquainted 
with the different kinds of work pertaining to 
his trade, besides studying its principles, Add 
to this, that he was especially fond of the 
employment, and it will be perceived, that he 
was prepared to go forth into the world, de* 
pending on himself, under peculiar ad van* 
tages. 

Mr. Bushnell having thus far been under the 
guidance of his friends, was now free from 
parental authority, and about to take his stand 
in society. Having acquitted himself with 
honor in the several relations which he had 
sustained to others, we find him faithful to 
himself, and answering the expectations of 
those who had sought his welfare. We now 
contemplate him a man, his character form* 
ed, his course of life chosen and entered upon. 
In his person, there was nothing prepossessing. 



11 

His tall figure somewhat inclined, his manners 
rather embarrassed, graced him with no ad- 
vantages of appearance. Yet his modest be- 
havior, his engaging and familiar conversation, 
together with the benevolence of his disposi- 
tion, drew around him a circle of friends, and 
won their confidence and esteem. 

In his character he was not only moral, but 
he paid a strict observance to the externals of 
religion. Besides an attendance on religious 
worship, he read his Bible much, and was a 
speculative believer in its doctrines. Living 
in a place blest with the frequent effusions of 
the Spirit, he had several times been the sub- 
ject of serious impressions ; but his convic- 
tions of sin had all proved like the " morning 
cloud," and a love of the world kept him 
in bondage. Like the young man whom Je- 
sus loved, he trusted to his morality, inquir- 
ing what good thing he should do to gain eter- 
nal life, but like him he lacked one thing. 



2* 



13 



CHAPTER II. 

Becomes interested in the subject of religion.— His re* 
ligious experience, as related by himself. — His re- 
ligious character. 

During the year and a half which followed 
his apprenticeship, nothing can be related of 
particular interest. It may be added, howe- 
ver, that he pursued his business, securing the 
patronage and respect of the community. 
About one year was spent in Meriden ; and, 
from acquaintances there formed, many were 
remembered by him with feelings of strong 
attachment. 

Until his twenty-third year, the world was 
the object of his choice. Convinced that reli- 
gion only could give him true happiness, he had 
more than once resolved to obtain it ; but the 
present seemed unfavorable to its pursuit. In 
a circle of brothers and sisters, it was too self- 
denying to come out and be separate. Friend- 
ships contracted with worldly companions, 
were too dear to be broken by seeking the fa- 
vor of God. In taking his station in society, 



14 



the cares of life were too numerous to admit 
of concern for the future. With reference to 
his religious character, such was its history un- 
til the spring of 1827, when his native place 
shared in an out-pouring of the Spirit. In the 
early p^ri of this revival, Mr. Bushnell indul- 
ged the hope of having found peace with God, 
through our Lord Jesus Christ. 

The following was the occasion of his nar- 
rating his conversion to an intimate friend. 
After the morning services of a pleasant Sab- 
bath in the spring of 1827, it was proposed to 
Mr. Bushnell, by a familiar friend of his, that 
they should take a walk to a neighboring grove. 
They proceeded. For years both had been 
on terms of familiarity, associating together in 
all their concerns, until within a few days, Mr. 
Bushnell had forsaken all for Christ. Not 
much was said, till, in a place retired and un- 
noticed, they were seated. " A few days ago," 
said the young man to Mr. Bushnell, "I re- 
solved to seek religion. Understanding that 
you made a similar promise, and have obtain- 
ed religion, I have asked you to retire to this 
place, desiring you to relate the particular me- 
thod you pursued, that I may proceed in the 
same steps." Feeling deeply for his friend, he 



15 

began ; " I have always had a speculative be- 
lief in the necessity of a change of heart, and 
in all the fundamental doctrines of the Bible. 
During several seasons of religious excitement, 
I have been more or less awakened to the duty 
of immediate repentance, and faith. But my 
anxiety all proved to be temporary, until the 
first of the present month, when my attention 
was again aroused to the concerns of my soul. 
At first my feelings seemed like to those I had 
experienced in former seasons, with this diffe- 
rence : I felt extremely fearful if I let this re^ 
vival pass by, I should never have another call 
to repentance, but should die in my sins. This 
fear continually corroded me, and wrought up- 
on my feelings, until I almost resolved that I 
would forsake all and follow Christ. My judg- 
ment approved of this, and conscience con- 
demned me for not doing it, but my heart re^ 

sisted. It happened that Mr. G was 

to hold an inquiry meeting during that week, 
which, after much hesitation, I resolved to at- 
tend. 1 had heard much of Mr. G 's 

success in W. and in other places, in times of 
revivals. Among other things, I understood 
that it w r as his practice at these anxious meet- 
ings, to persuade all whom he could, to promise 



16 

that they would seek religion. To this I was 
decidedly opposed, and resolved before I went 
to meeting, that no importunity should prevail 
on me to make such a promise. However, I 
attended the meeting, having previously arran- 
ged my arguments against promising. After 

the usual introductory services, Mr. G 

began to converse with the impenitent part of 
the assembly, and I was preparing for the at- 
tack. My turn came. Mr. G took a 

seat by my side, and commenced questioning 
concerning my present feelings on the subject 
of religion, in such a feeling, familiar manner, 
and so different from what I had expected, that 
there appeared no occasion for my well- framed 
arguments. He asked me, "Do you want ie- 
ligion now] Do you desire it above every 
thing else?" and several questions of a similar 
character ; to which I answered in the affirma- 
tive. Presently he asked, " Are you willing 
to promise that you will now seek religion with 
your whole heart]" Here I hesitated. To 
say wo, would interfere with what 1 had just 
told him. To say yes, would make void my 
resolution. After a severe struggle, I answer- 
ed that I had rather promise to no one, and 
that I could seek religion without making the 



17 

promise. He replied, that a refusal to promise 
was a denial of Christ, that I could never have 
religion until 1 was willing to make such a pro- 
mise, and that any obstinacy in this matter 
might prevent my conversion, I felt that what 
he said was true, but my heart continued un- 
yielding for several minutes. At length being 
convinced that my former resolution was a bad 
one, that to linger was death, and that if I 
promised and did not succeed, I could but die ; 
I summoned all the energy of purpose I was 
master of, and said, " I will, in reliance on the 
Divine Spirit, seek the Lord with all my 
heart." Mr. G. then urged me to immediate 
submission to God. I tried to submit, but 
found no relief. After the meeting was dis- 
missed, I returned home, borne down with my 
sins. No particular change occurred in my 
feelings through the week. On the Sabbath I 
attended on the preaching of Mr. G., but ray 
mind was so wrought upon, that 1 obtained ve- 
ry imperfect ideas of what was said, 1 pur-' 
sued my customary business until Tuesday, 
when my distress of mind so increased, that I 
returned to my father's, resolving to attend to 
nothing else until I had obtained religion. I 
plainly saw that destruction awaited me with- 



18 



out repentance. This I endeavored to exer- 
cise, which only increased my distress. I 
shut myself up in my chamber, where I con- 
tinued until the next day, when 1 went to W., 
at which place there was also a revival of reli- 
giom Being told on going to Deacon L.'s, 
that there was no other way for me but to sub- 
mit to God^ my case was in no respect better- 
ed. On Saturday, being alone in a chamber, 
it appeared to me that my danger was immi- 
nent, and that then was the only opportunity 
for me to repent. 1 had entered the room 
several times for surrendering myself to God ; 
but I then fully believed that the forbearance 
of God was well nigh exhausted. A Village 
Hymn book lay near me, which I opened to 
the following i 

" Come let me love, or is my mind 
Harden'd to stone or froze to ice ? 

I see the blessed fair one bend 
And stoop t' embrace me from the skies." 

When I reached the fifth verse, 

" Did ever pity stoop so low V* 

I paused, and considered if it were possible for 
God to look with pity upon such a wretch as I. 
Again I looked at the Divine condescension, 



19 



and trust that my heart yielded to God the 
Saviour^ and as I pronounced the last line, 

" This heart shall yield to death or lovo," 

my heart melted in submission. I saw that 
God had a perfect right to me, and never be* 
fore did I feel so resolved in any purpose,- as 
I then did, to be his for ever* For many days I 
had been looking at a distance for the Saviour; 
but I found that he was near, even at the door 
of my heart* I had been expecting some ir«> 
resistable influence to come and convert me, 
while I withheld my heart from God. From 
the hour that I found comfort, I have enjoyed 
myself in feeling submissive to God/' 

Such is the narrative he gave his friend, of 
whom it might be interesting to know, in a 
short time he hopefully experienced the renew- 
ing influences of the Spirit. He has since 
commenced a course of study, and is now a 
member of college. 

From statements that have been made by 
those who were acquainted with the exercises 
of his mind at the time of his conversion, the 
above account is a plain narrative of facts. It 
has been received from the person to whom it 
•was first given, upon whose mind the impres- 
3 



20 

sions it made were deep* The change in his 
views was very decided ; and from his first en- 
trance upon a religious life* his path was like 
that of the just* On his return to his friends* 
he called on his pastor and others, with whom 
he conversed freely on the subject of religion 
When he came home, he said 4C Good evening, 
dear sister; rejoice with me, while I tell you 
what God has done for my soul." He con- 
versed with his near friends with freedom on 
the subject of his experience, and always seem- 
ed ready to give a reason for the hope that was 
in him, with meekness and witli fear. The in- 
terview which he had with Mr. G. was ever 
reverted to by him with deep feelings ; and he 
has often been heard to say, " O that solemn 
moment when I promised to seek the Lord and 
to repent of my sins." 

From the time of his conversion, he mani- 
fested the devotedness of the decided Chris- 
tian. Several days were appropriated exclu-* 
sively for the spiritual good of his friends* In-* 
deed, all young persons with whom he had be- 
fore exerted an influence, participated in his 
pious conversation. For this purpose he visit- 
ed Meriden, where he had spent the previous 
year ; and it is believed that his faithful war- 
nings will long be remembered by many. 



21 



CHAPTER III. 

Makes a profession of religion. — Remarks on his cor- 
respondence. — Letter to his cousin. — Letter to his 
sister.— Letter to Mr. P . 

It is too often true, that those who have 
recently indulged the hope that they are Chris- 
tians, seem unwilling to come out and act as 
the faithful soldiers of the cross. Such was 
not the conduct of Mr. Bushnell, on assum- 
ing the Christian character. No sooner was 
he satisfied that his heart was right with God, 
than he engaged in every Christian duty. 
The Sabbath School in his native place was 
opened about the time of his hopeful conver- 
sion, in which he engaged in the interesting 
employment of a teacher. 

On the first Sabbath in August, 1827, he 
professed Christ before men. The occasion 
was one of peculiar solemnity. An appropri- 
ate sermon was preached in the morning, and 
in the evening, Mr. Bushnell with about fifty 
others of his age solemnly dedicated them- 
selves to the Lord. 



22 

It has already been remarked, that he 
manifested peculiar anxiety for the spiritual 
welfare of his friends. Those who professed 
to be Christians, he exhorted to faithfulness, 
and those who were without hope he solemnly 
warned of their danger. To such as he could 
not visit he addressed letters ; and, it is to be 
regretted that so few of them can be procured. 
Many young men to whom he wrote, are now 
located in places at a distance, and their busi- 
ness has been subject to such constant change, 
that their letters have been lost. Such as are 
inserted in this memoir, are considered illus- 
trative of his character as a Christian, and 
show that faithfulness which uniformly charac- 
terised his conversation. 

The following was addressed to a cousin 
who was residing in Georgetown, District of 
Columbia. 

Say brook, April 16, 1828. 

Cousin R , 

Feeling a deep interest in the welfare of 
my friends, I have chosen a season for ad- 
dressing you. While writing may wisdom 
guide my pen, that something may be com- 
municated conducive to your highest good. 



23 



Indulging the hope that I am interested in 
the Saviour's dying love, that my numerous 
sins have been washed away in his atoning 
blood, and that I am made an heir of immor- 
tal glory, I feel it to be one of the greatest 
privileges, and a duty, to recommend this holy 
religion to others, who have no reason to 
think themselves sharers in it. Recently I 
have often thought of my dear friends at 
Georgetown, and especially of cousin R., w T ho, 
when I saw her at uncle H.'s, acknowledged 
herself to be without hope in Christ. Yes, 
dear R., I have felt anxious for your soul's 
eternal interests, in comparison to which all 
that this world can afford you, is worth com- 
paratively nothing. 

11 But, Oh, the soul that never dies ! 
At once it leaves the clay ! 
Ye thoughts pursue it where it flies, 
And trace its wondrous way. 

11 Up to the courts where angels dwell, 
It mounts triumphant there ; 
Or devils plung it down to hell, 
In infinite despair." 

Reflect for a moment on the worth of your 
precious soul, which will be happy or mise- 
rable while God exists, and ask yourself, do I 
3* 



24 



love God supremely] Have I been born 
again of bis Spirit 1 Have I been sanctified 
and prepared for heaven 1 I believe that you 
think all these things necessary for your final 
happiness, as well as the commands of God. 
The Bible is very explicit in telling you to re- 
pent, to submit to Christ, and to be on his 
side. To be faithful, I must tell you, that if 
out of Christ, you are a great sinner in the 
sight of God, and are hourly exposed to his 
wrath, w T hich will inevitably fall upon you, 
unless you renounce your sins, and surrender 
to the glorious Redeemer who died for you. 
Often have you heard the solemn voice knock- 
ing at the door of your heart, saying, " Open 
unto me, I will come in and sup with you, 
and you with me." And is it possible, O is it 
possible that he has found no admittance ! I 
wish you to bring the all-important subject 
home to your heart, and not longer resist 
God's Holy Spirit. Yon intend to have reli- 
gion before you die, and in some measure feel 
the need of it. Perhaps in an hour of dan- 
ger, you have resolved that }'ou would attend 
to the concerns of your soul. • But your reso- 
lution and your danger have alike vanished. 
Cousin R., if you ever intend to seek the Lord, 
I exhort you to seek him now. Having set 



25 



down and counted the cost, you must feel 
willing to forsake all for Christ, and in con- 
sidering whether you will choose or reject, I 
would urge the importance of making the 
solemn resolve, and promise to God from the 
heart, that in reliance upon the aids of his 
Spirit, you will now seek the Lord with your 
whole heart. This work may be done now, 
even to-day, this moment. Hear the language 
of the Saviour, " Come, for all things are 
now ready." " To day if you will hear his 
voice." " Behold now is the accepted time." 
I beseech you, as you value your own soul, to 
resolve that you will now attend to the great 
subject in earnest. You will act just as freely, 
and as much from choice in this business as Lot 
any other of your life'; and reason teaches 
that nothing can be done without a determi- 
nation. Put away all your excuses, for they 
will fail you in the decisive day. " All shall 
then be without excuse." Let it be your dai- 
ly prayer to God, that he would open your 
eyes, and make you feel your need of the 
Holy Spirit to aid you, and it shall be given. 
" For all things are now ready." 

I can truly say that there is more real en- 
joyment in one ray of hope through grace, in 



26 



ane social prayer meeting, or in the closet* 
than all that this earth can afford. As I now 
feel, nothing would purchase the hope that I 
enjoy. 

I hope to visit G. before long, Providence 
permitting, but if not there is a day in which 
we shall meet. Cousin R., I shall see you at 
the judgment seat of Christ, where you and I 
will be judged in the presence of God — the 
holy angels, and the countless millions of our 
race. If clothed in the robes of Christ's 
righteousness, he will say to us, " Come ye 
blessed of my Father." But if we appear 
there with our sins unpardoned, " Depart ye 
cursed," will be our doom. As we shall sure* 
ly meet, can it be that we must part again, 
never more to see each other, only as the rich 
man saw Lazarus, a great way off] It pains 
me to think of being forever separated from 
my dear friends whom I love. That God 
may forbid this, is the sincere prayer of your 
friend, 

William C. Bushnell. 

From the fall of 1828, Mr. Bushnell was 
employed for nearly two years in Meriden, a 
place about thirty miles from his father's. How 



27 



much he lelt and labored for the spiritual good 
of that people, will appear from his subse- 
quent letters. 

The following was written to his sister soon 
after he came in the place, 

Meriden, Nov. 7, 1828. 
Dear Sister, 

I hastily seize my pen for writing you a 
line by Mr. R. My health is good, but seve- 
ral in this place are dangerously ill. Al- 
though surrounded by the gay and thoughtless, 
I have cause for thankfulness to God, that I 
feel in a good degree the power of religion in 
my soul, some anxiety for the glory of my 
Redeemer, and some desire for the salvation 
of perishing sinners. Besides on the Sabbath, 
there is no religious meeting, save the Month- 
ly Concert, and a female prayer meeting. Mr. 
H, feels very anxious for his people. I made 
him a visit a few evenings since. He feels 
desirous that a church prayer meeting should 
be held, and wishes to have me converse 
with the brethren of the church on the sub- 
ject. Having ascertained from conversation, 
that some are favorable to the object, I hope 
and trust that one will be establishes before 



28 

long. There are some here who seem to 
mourn over the desolations of Zion. It ap- 
pears that nothing more is wanting, than to 
have the Church engaged in the Lord's ser- 
vice ; then would sinners come to Christ. I 
hope you will be faithful to your Saviour, 
who is faithful to forgive. Be faithful to your 
own soul and to the souls of others. I remain 
your affectionate brother, 

William C. Bushnell. 

To a brother in the church, 

Meriden, Nov. 1828. 
Brother P., 

I am glad that an opportunity presents itself 
for writing you. My health is good, but of 
the state of my soul, I hardly know what to 
tell you. I will say, however, that the subject 
of religion is yet delightful to me ; and I love 
to meet with Christians in the courts of the 
Lord. I find sweet enjoyment in prayer 
meetings ; and it is with the greatest delight, 
that in retirement from the busy scenes of life, 
I pour out my soul to him who heareth in se- 
cret. I think I feel in some measure the 
worth of the soul, some anxiety for the glory 



29 

of God, and for the salvation of sinners. It 
is with painful anxiety that I see thoughtless 
sinners sporting on the brink of everlasting 
ruin. But I am a poor guilty sinner myself, 
and the vilest of the vile. 

There is nothing of peculiar interest at 
present among this people ; but the state of 
religion, I think, is becoming more encou- 
raging. I have endeavored to arouse Chris- 
tians, and have used my influence in the es* 
tablishment of a weekly conference, and I 
have succeeded, the Lord helping me. We 
met last evening ; the house was crowded* 
and some feeling was manifest. There ap- 
pears to be a listening ear among this people to 
divine truth. The Bible class is to be resu- 
med the present week ; and I believe, that by 
the blessing of God, it will be the means of 
the conversion of sinners. I have enjoyed 
the privilege of conversing with one who feels 
herself a ruined sinner. I believe that she 
will be persuaded to give up her heart to 
Christ. I have faith, if I am not deceived, 
that the Lord will visit this people, and will 
appear here in his glory to build up Zion. 
Brother, pray for me, and for this people. 
Pray that I may be faithful, and that the work 



30 

of the Lord may revive here speedily. Hold 
out faithful, dear brother in the Lord, and 
you shall receive the crown of life. Remem- 
ber me to all friends. 

William C* Bushnell. 

Mr. B. was, during his continuance in Meri- 
den, placed in circumstances peculiarly favo- 
rable for doing good. He was engaged, not 
only in the Sabbath School and Bible class* 
but being connected with an extensive manu- 
facturing establishment, he was enabled to 
exert a happy influence over many young per- 
sons. Both the character of the proprietors of 
the manufactory, and of the persons employed 
by them, was such, as gave it an elevation 
among the like establishments in New-Eng- 
land, rendering its influence good on the morals 
and best interests of the surrounding commu- 
nity. Placed in such a situation, his efforts 
made in view to the best welfare of others, 
were attended with signal success. 



31 



CHAPTER IV. 

Becomes a member of the Bible class in Meriden. — 
Brief notice of the class, — Extract from an address 
before the class. — Further extracts from his corres- 
pondence.— Address at the Monthly Concert. — His 
connexion with the Sabbath School. — Remarks. 

It is too generally believed that the laboring 
class of the community, can give but little at- 
tention to the improvement of their minds. 
Yet the example of many in this enlightened 
land, has furnished evidence that no employ- 
ment need exclude persons from devoting a 
portion of time to the acquisition of know- 
ledge, while the proper pursuit of many kinds 
of manual labor is very consistent with a 
good degree of attention to books. The ex- 
ample of Mr. Bushnell was of this sort. He 
was not only an engaged Christian, but he 
eagerly sought opportunities to improve his 
understanding. 

For several years there had existed a Bible 
class in Meriden, of which Mr. Bushnell early 
embraced the opportunity of becoming a 
member. Membership here, implies some- 



32 

thing more than a simple attendance on 
the meetings, which perhaps cannot be bet- 
ter explained than by glancing at the forma- 
tion and history of the class. Early in the 
winter of 1824, a Bible class was established 
for the first time in Meriden, An attendance- 
was all that constituted membership, which 
was withdrawn at pleasure. For several 
weeks a large room was crowded ; but as the 
novelty of the object wore away, the number 
of attendants diminished, until the next spring, 
when not more than eight or ten were accus- 
tomed to assemble. The meetings were dis- 
continued through the summer. On being re- 
sumed the next winter, the number who atten- 
ded at first was not large, and continued to* 
decrease until sometime in January, when the 
exercises were suspended. By the private 
exertions of one or two individuals, about fif- 
teen or twenty engaged to attend punctually 
through the winter. The meetings were 
again commenced, and gradually increased in 
interest, until sometime in the spring; when 
it was deemed best to adjourn until the return 
of longer evenings. 

The next fall, special exertions were made, 
to add to the number of those who felt the 
worth of the object, and who were willing to 



33 



pledge their attendance. No less than sixty 
subscribed to a resolution which obligated 
them to attend. 

This number united themselves into a socie- 
ty, and formed a constitution. Their articles 
provided for addresses before the class, and 
for composition. 

From that time, which was in November, 
1826, the meetings of the class were highly 
interesting. They were usually opened with 
prayer and singing, after which followed the 
reading of compositions, recitation, discussion 
of questions, and frequently an address. The 
meeting was them closed with prayer. 

The experience of several years has shown 
that this system has peculiar advantages. A 
young man on becoming a member can not 
only acquire a knowledge of the scriptures, 
but learn to write, to reason and to address 
public assemblies. Mr. Bushneli readily avail- 
ed himself of these several advantages, and was 
a punctual attendant, so long as he continued 
in the place. Besides writing several essays, 
he delivered a number of addresses, from 
which a few extracts will be given. As they 
are on religious and practical subjects, they 
serve to illustrate his character, and to show 



34 



the interest which he took in religious instruc- 
tion. 

His first address was, " On the advantages 
of the Christian religion to its possesser." 
He first notices its benefits to persons of dif- 
ferent employments in this life. 

To the husbandman : " If Providence 
smiles upon the labor of his hands, he rejoices 
with thanksgiving ; but if he is disappointed 
on account of the productions of the ground, 
not a murmur escapes his lips. The seasons 
and the weather being under the control of his 
Divine Benefactor, he is reconciled to whate- 
ver the Lord may send. " All things are for 
the best," is his language. "With cheerfulness 
he goes to the field of labor. In all animate 
creation, from the reptile beneath his feet, to 
the beast of the stall, from the buzzing insect of 
the air, to the soaring fowl of heaven, he ob- 
serves the marks of infinite wisdom. The 
notes of the feathered songsters of the giove, 
remind him of the unceasing songs of heaven. 
He compares the tender herb to the infancy 
of man, the flower to the vigor of youth. He 
reflects that each are liable to decay, and to 
return to their primitive dust." 

To the mechanic : " How often do we hear 



35 

of fatal accidents happening to men in this 
department of labor, which are beyond their 
control ! Under such circumstances how 
blessed is it to be a friend of God ! The me- 
chanic may evei look to him, who by wisdom 
and power, framed the earth, upon which we 
tread, fitted for the convenience and happiness 
of man. If he makes great attainments, so 
that he can bring the elements to subserve the 
intere-ts of his fellow men, he is humble, and 
gives God the praise to whom all glory is due." 

To the merchant : " It is his daily prayer, 
that he may "live soberly, deal justly, and 
walk humbly with his Gud " He, instead of 
laying up gold to be cankered, and heaping 
up treasures to be consumed with himself in 
the last days, feels that he is but a steward iu 
God's house. He considers the gold and the 
silver to be the Lord's ; and only borrowed 
for a few days. He ever holds himself in 
readiness to impart of his substance, for the 
promotion of his Master's cause. He under- 
stands the import of the declaration, " It is 
moro blessed to give than to receive," and 
enjoys the luxury of doing good to his feliow 
men." 

To the mariner : " He leaves his friends 
4* 



36 



with filial confidence in the Lord, that he will 
be their support in the adverse scenes of life. 
He embarks, not knowing that he shall ever 
return ; but he readily commits his life to him 
with whom is the residue of the Spirit. While 
upon the mighty deep, far from home, with 
composure he beholds the gathering tempest. 
How calm is his soul, while the angry winds 
and waves threaten him with utter destruction I 
That God who holds the winds in his fist, and 
the waters in the hollow of his hand, is his 
refuge. That Saviour who spake the tempest 
into a calm, is his friend." 

To the magistrate : " Great are his advan- 
tages of enjoying access to a throne of grace, 
where he vnRy ask wisdom of him who giveth 
liberally, and upbraideth not. Is he called 
upon to enact laws, and to decide the fate of 
nations, or of individuals ? His chief concern 
is to glorify God, and to build up the Redeem- 
ers kingdom ; to restrain vice, and to encou- 
rage virtue ; to alleviate the miseries of man- 
kind, and to secure the peace and prosperity 
of society." 

In the domestic circle : " See the pious 
parents, as joint heirs of the grace of life, 
instructing their beloved offspring from the 
words of sacred truth. See them leading their 



37 



little ones to the family altar, at the time of 
offering the morning and evening sacrifice. 
They, and they only, are prepared to train 
up their children in the nurture and admoni- 
tion of the Lord. Angels doubtless behold 
the scenes of such a family with admiration 
and joy." 

In affliction : " Such are the enlightened 
views of the devoted and sincere Christian re- 
specting the government of God, that he can 
even rejoice in his afflictions, because the 
Lord omnipotent reigneth. Whether he is 
required to bid adieu to the companion of his 
bosom, a brother or sister, to a parent or child ; 
whether he expects to unite with them in the 
praises of eternity, or to see them at last dri- 
ven away into the regions of despair, he is re- 
signed. He yields all things into the hands 
of him, " Who maketh all things work toge- 
ther for good to them that love God." 

In the closing scenes of life : M Let a fact 
of my acquaintance illustrate this point. An 
individual was attacked by violent disease, and 
was soon brought so low, that hei friends and 
phvsician despaired of her recovery. Being 
in the full possession of her reason, she calmly 
conversed upon those scenes, which she was 
fully sensible awaited her. The Saviour into 



38 



whose arms she had cast herself when in 
health, now supported her soul, while her 
tabernacle of clay was fast dissolving. Such 
was her bodily distress for several days, that it 
was almost overwhelming. But her soul was 
supported by the grace of God. Although 
she viewed herseh a great sinner, and most 
unworthy, still, trusting wholly to the righteous- 
ness of Christ for salvation, her hopes of 
heaven were firm and bright. She lay in 
peace, waiting for 

" Death and some celestial band 
To bear her soul away." 

She manifested to her friends, that all fears 
were removed, and that she was in readiness 
for the exchange of worlds. She dies ; but 
death has lost its sting, and she triumphs over 
the grave." 

In the second part of his subject, he consi- 
ders the advantages of religion, to its possessor 
in a future world. 

" Although our views of eternal things are 
limited, yet with the bible in our hands we are 
permitted to extend our thoughts into the eter- 
nal world. Mark the unconverted as he takes 
his exit to a world of retribution. Instead of 
having holy angels to bear him away to para- 



39 



dise, spirits of darkness are ready to hurry him 
away to their dreadful abodes. Instead of be- 
ing convoyed to Abraham's bosom, he is driven 
away in his wickedness, to taste the woes of 
the second death, and to utter the groans of 
despair. 

" The Christian at death, is borne by atten- 
ding angels to his final, happy home. He is 
admitted into the presence chamber of the 
King of kings ; and by his Redeemer, he is 
presented before the throne of the Father. 
He stands fully acquitted of all his sins at the 
tribunal of heaven. His pollution being wash- 
ed away in the Saviour's blood, and being 
clothed with his righteousness, he is fully pre- 
pared to enter upon the holy employments of 
the redeemed. He is neither solitary nor dis- 
consolate, for he is welcomed to the society of 
all holy beings. Above all, he enjoys free 
communion with his beloved Redeemer. The 
Lord Jesus Christ condescends to lead his fol- 
lowers to fountains of living waters, and God 
wipes away all tears from their eyes. In this 
world the Christian converses with Christ by 
faith, in that, face to face. He then sees as 
he is seen, and knows as he is known. Doubt- 
less while the inhabitants of heaven are hold- 
ing sweet converse with each other, redeemed 



40 



spirits are permitted to range the fields of para- 
dise, and to visit distant worlds of light, 
where they behold the wondrous works of 
God. They will see more and moie the ad- 
vantages of religion, by which they have tri- 
umphed over every foe, and gained the joys 
of immortality." 

The following was written to a cousin, who 
was inquiring the way of life. 

Meriden, March 1st, 1829. 
Dear Cousin, 

Through pressure of business I have delay- 
ed writing you, for which I ask your pardon. 
It gave me much satisfaction that my letter was 
kindly received; and with still greater plea- 
sure did I receive and peruse yours. 

Although at some distance from my friends 
in S., 1 can inform you from a recent visit, 
that they are well. I have spent the past win- 
ter in Meriden, where 1 expect to remain for 
some time. Meriden is a pleasant town, loca- 
ted on the stage road from New-Haven to 
Hartford, and is seventeen miles from either 
place. On the east and west are ridges of 
mountains, whose peaks are nearly 1000 feet 
high. Their summits are accessible, from 



41 



whence may be viewed extended fields, villa* 
ges, and churches, as far as the eye can reach. 
In fine weather, from one of the peaks of the 
western ridge, may be seen New-Haven har- 
bor, and Long Island Sound. At the foot of 
one of these mountains we may, in the heat of 
summer, enter a natural ke-house, which af- 
fords to visitors quantities of ice. I think you 
would be interested in visiting these places* 
which are much resorted to. 

I feel most unworthy and unfit for affording 
you the advice in spiritual things which you 
ask ; although I would rejoice to say any thing 
that would direct you in the way to true hap- 
piness. Without divine guidance, how shall I 
direct an inquiring soul to the fountain of life, 
or encourage the follower of Jesus in the path 
to heaven] Believe me, dear cousin, 1 do 
feel in some measure anxious for the salvation 
of your souL It gives me pain to reflect that 
I may see you on the left hand of Christ in 
judgment, with the multitudes who have not 
submitted their hearts to the bleeding Saviour, 
who is the sinner's friend and only hope. But 
I would forbear the thought that a dear friend 
is to take a final, an eternal departure to the 
world of despair. May it be forbidden by him 
in whose hand are our lives. 



42 

Permit me to present to you the importance 
of religion ; and I do it with the truest friend- 
ship. Have you, dear cousin, seen the entire 
depravity of your heart ? Have you felt your 
need of a pardoning Redeemer ? Are you 
convinced of the unsatisfying nature of this 
world's goods ? Have you, as a weary, hea- 
vy-laden sinner, cast yourself, for time and 
eternity, upon Jesus Christ ? But fearing your 
heart is not right with God, let me press upon 
your mind, the necessity of exercising repen- 
tance and faith. Without an interest in Christ, 
we are hourly exposed to a world of unuttera- 
ble woe and misery. This ought to be enough 
to alarm our consciences, and to excite us to 
an escape. Religion sweetens all the comforts 
of life. It assists its possessor to triumph over 
the disappointments and perplexing cares of 
fleeting time. It soothes the anguish of the 
soul in an hour of distress, and binds up the 
broken heart. To him who is bereaved of 
dear friends by death, how precious is a good 
hope, and an interest at the throne of grace ! 
How does it bear the dying through the dark 
valley of the shadow of death ! But look be- 
yond the tomb to the glories of heaven, and 
hear the invitation, " Come up hither, and I 
will show you the things which shall be here- 



43 

after." There, if we are prepared for its 
blessed abodes, we shall behold the Saviour, 
and enjoy communion with him. There, with 
crowns upon our heads, and golden harps in 
our hands, we shall unite in ascriptions of 
praise to God, and the Lamb. Surely, these 
motives are sufficient to lead us to seek the 
favor of God. But do you ask, how shall I seek 
the favor of God 1 What shall I do to inherit 
eternal life 1 I answer from the authority of 
God's word ; renounce every darling object, 
which has a tendency to keep you away from 
Christ. Repent of every sin ; and as an offen- 
ding child yields to the command of his parent, 
even so yield to the Saviour. " Come unto 
me," is the language of Jesus, to all who wish 
for divine favors, and eternal blessings. The 
way is open and easy if we are willing to come. 
" All things are now ready." Time is rolling 
us onward to the grave. Soon we must bid 
adieu to the scenes of this world ; and our na- 
ked spirits appear before God. That you may 
be timely wise, and secure the blessings of 
heaven, is the prayer of your friend, 

William C. Bushxell. 



44 



Meriden, Jone 6, 1820, 
Dear Brother in the Lord, 

With much pleasure I received and read 
your affectionate letter ; and I thank you for 
remembering me, a worm of the dust^ 

An interesting change has taken place in 
this town since October last, when I came 
here, some account of which 1 will give you* 
At that time darkness rested upon this portion 
of the Lord's vineyard, Excepting the ser- 
vices of the sanctuary, a female prayer meet- 
ing and the monthly concert were the only 
meetings that w r ere attended ; and even these 
were thin. There was only here and there an 
individual, with whom I could converse with 
freedom on the subject of the Redeemer's 
kingdom. You may judge what were my feel- 
ings at this time, after leaving S. In about 
two weeks a Saturday evening prayer meeting 
was talked of, whose object should be to pray 
for a revival of religion,' In this some seem- 
ed to be engaged, although but few attended 
for many weeks. I often visited our minister, 
and conversed with him on the subject of hav- 
ing a church prayer meeting, The plan was 
approved of, but he seemed almost disheart- 
ened. However, he requested me to converse 
with several of the brethren on the subject, 



45 

and encourage them to go forward. From 
private conversation, such a number were 
found favorable to the object, that a meeting 
was appointed. These two meetings were 
continued through the winter, although but a 
small number usually attended. A Bible class 
has been held through the winter, with interest 
and profit both to saint and to sinner. Nothing 
has so burdened my mind, as the desolations 
of Zion ; and if I have prayed for any thing, 
it was for a revival of religion. Although I 
have not had faith as a grain of mustard seed, 
yet I have ever been impressed with the firm 
belief, that I should see the Lord revive his 
work in this place. This has been my feeling 
during the darkest days, and the signs of the 
times have been carefully observed. 

No visible appearance of the Lord's pre- 
sence was manifest, until the second week in 
April ; though facts were then disclosed, show- 
ing that there had been anxious sinners here 
during nearly all of last winter. At this time, 
the sweet influences of the Spirit began visibly 
to descend. A peculiar interest was felt in 
our meetings. One evening, after the exer- 
cises were closed, a young man staid and in- 
quired for life. He mentioned others in a like 
condition with himself, and requested Mr. H., 



46 



our pastor, to attend a meeting in the west 
part of the town, where he resided. He ac- 
cordingly went ; and to his unspeakable joy, 
he found the young man, and another indivi- 
dual, rejoicing in hope. They seemed to be 
full of unspeakable joy and love* This new 
scene called his whole soul forth into the work, 
" The Lord is in this place and I knew it not," 
was his language. He conversed with about 
twenty young persons, who were employed in 
a manufacturing establishment, and found that 
many of them were deeply anxious. On Satur- 
day of the same week, he came to the estab- 
lishment where I labor, and wished to have 
all the workmen assemble together, that he 
might address them on the subject of religion. 
His request was readily granted ; and the ef- 
fect of the meeting was considerable. The 
work was now decidedly begun ; and how it 
gladdened my heart, I trust you are prepared 
to judge. The next Sabbath was peculiarly 
solemn ; and in the evening an inquiry meet-* 
ing was held, in addition to the church prayer 
meeting. Many were present from different 
parts of the town, although the church as a 
body did not seem to awake. A church fast 
has been observed, and each professor has 
been conversed with. A blessing seemed to 



47 



follow these measures. Some who at first op 
posed the work, are now deeply troubled be- 
cause they feel that they have an omnipotent 
arm to contend with. As the fruits of this re- 
vival, forty or fifty are decided for Christ, and 
a number of others are groping their way in 
darkness. We are looking for greater things, 
and trust that the work will not decline, be- 
cause the promises are sure. 

Now, brother S., was I ever placed in a 
more responsible situation, than at present? 
In this establishment there are no less than 
fifty or sixty employed. We have two meet- 
ings a week in this village. These, brother 
S., seem like our good old meetings at D., 
when we felt that it w r as good to be there. 

Yours in Christian love, 

William C. Bushxell. 

P. S. I returned from S. about a week ago. 
Converts appear well there. Mr. N., whom 
we selected as a particular subject of our 
prayers, is coming out of his darkness. Re- 
member me in your prayers. 

The precious revival which M. was now en- 
joying, was, in the Bible class, most happy in 
its influences. This is clearly shown from the 
fact, that of fifty who united with the church, 
5* 



48 



thirty-five were members of the class, and se- 
veral of the remainder were occasionally at- 
tendants. It was during an interesting period 
of the work, that the following address was 
delivered. Imagine an assembly of one hun- 
dred young persons, happily organized into a 
society, convened to study the word of God, 
a large portion whose hearts burned within 
them while their spiritual teacher opened to 
them the scriptures, others deeply anxious, and 
you have such an assembly as Mr, B. gave the 
following address. 

" DECISION. 
" In considering man to be a rational intel- 
ligent being, having fixed purposes in the com- 
mon concerns of life ; also knowing that deci- 
sion of character and conduct are highly com- 
mendable, and of the utmost importance in 
the acquisition of wealth, in the improvement 
of the mind, and in the honorable pursuit of 
whatever the world calls valuable, — permit me 
to set before you the importance and absolute 
necessity of decision in securing the favor of 
God, and the everlasting happiness of the 
soul. Reason, experience, and divine reve- 
lation, unite in testifying that men are free 
moral agents ; and, as such, they perform no 



49 



free acts but in accordance with their wills, 
and a previous determination. In no instance 
in which man has the power of choice, does 
he act contrary to his choice. If we were 
mere passive instruments, wherein would our 
actions be praise or blame-w r orthy 1 It is true, 
that ' in God we live, move, and have our be- 
ing,' and that ' it is not in man that walketh to 
direct his steps ;' yet it is we that move, it is 
we that walk, as though no divine aid was re- 
quired. 

" The blessings of the gospel are free. Sal- 
vation is offered on the most easy terms. 
1 The way-faring men, though fools, shall not 
err therein.' It is a point fully established by 
scripture, and a truth engraven upon the con- 
sciences of men, that salvation is within their 
reach ; and having the power to choose or re- 
ject, they are accountable to God for their 
conduct in this matter. And, although repen- 
tance toward God, and faith in the Lord Je- 
sus Christ, are divine gifts, still, we exercise 
these gifts in a voluntary manner. The com- 
mand to us is, ' Repent ye,' ' Turn yourselves 
and live ye ;' and these are the only conditions 
upon which we can receive pardon, and enjoy 
the blessings purchased by the Son of God. 

"Those who profess to be Christians, have 



50 



need of fixed resolutions made in reliance up- 
on the Spirit, in order to live in obedience to 
their Redeemer, and to promote the interests 
of his kingdom. How does the Christian look 
back upon his impenitent life, and see that 
one great reason why he was not a Christian 
before, was, the want of determination, a firm, 
unshaken resolution. He sees that he was ne- 
ver truly decided to seek God, and to repent 
of his sins. But when he came to a settled 
resolution, like Joshua of old, the Lord was 
found ready by his Spirit to assist him in the 
important work. Christian friends, we need 
a constant determination, to be active in the 
service of him whom we have sworn to serve 
and obey. If we have truly given ourselves 
away to be the Lord's, we have promised to 
be his for ever— have agreed to take his word 
as the rule of our conduct — to keep all his 
commandments, and to walk in all his ordinan- 
ces. Whoever submits to God, does it with- 
out reserve, cheerfully acknowledging him to 
be his rightful Lord and Sovereign. He sub- 
mits to all the requirements of the law and 
gospel, with confidence that they are right. 
Notwithstanding we have thus solemnly cove- 
nanted with God, we have in many instances 
forgotten to pay unto the Most High our vows. 



51 



Have we not shrunk back from the crass? 
Have we not neglected known duties, for the 
want of resolution to perform them ? Have 
not many opportunities for doing good passed 
away unimproved, for the want of resolution 
and confidence in God for his assistance? 
Fellow-Christians, this subject addresses itself 
to you, making a most solemn appeal You 
are called upon to engage anew in the glorious 
cause which angels behold with unspeakable 
delight. It is the cause for which the Son of 
God visited our world, and in behalf of which 
he is interceding in heaven. It is the cause 
of Zion— the conversion of sinners. You 
have in secret, if you are the followers of 
Christ, resolved to separate yourselves from 
the world ; and, you have also stood up in the 
sanctuary of the Lord, publicly declaring 
yourselves on the side of Christ — solemnly 
consecrating yourselves to the actual service of 
the living God. You have ' taken the cup of 
salvation, and paid unto the Lord your vows 
in the presence of all his people.' Heaven 
and earth have witnessed, and O, remember 
the solemn scene. 

" Determination is peculiarly important for 
the young convert. He has just broke away 
ftorn the kingdom of Satan. The world, with, 



52 

Its vanities and pleasures, he has left, and has 
separated himself in a spiritual sense from his 
impenitent companions. He has set his face 
toward Zion. The road in which he is traveling 
is narrow ; and he walks with trembling steps, 
liable to wander from the right path, or return. 
Temptations continually assail him to look 
back, and see that good thing he has left be- 
hind. And, does he yield 1 Does he turn 
aside and loiter by the way 1 He does, unless 
he has a firm confidence in the great Captain 
of his salvation-— unless he has a determination 
to go forward. He should be resolved to do 
every duty — to take up every cross, and bear 
it with delight. My dear friends, the world 
are watching, to see you halt. Many have 
such feelings towards you, that they would re- 
joice to see you stumble and fall — to fall into 
sin — to fall into apostacy, and into final perdi- 
tion. But who of you, my young Christian 
friends, will, for the want of decision and reso- 
lution, go back, or even look back, and thus 
bring reproach upon the cause of Christ — thus 
bring leanness and spiritual death into your 
own souls ? 

" There is another class of persons before 
me, to whom this subject is of infinite impor- 
tance. They are those who are undecided 



53 

whether it is bettei to forsake sin and love ho- 
liness — whether it is better to serve God or 
Satan — to go to heaven or hell* You are 
doubtless desirous to gain heaven, but whether 
to comply with the only terms by which you 
can gain admittance there, you are undecided. 
If trying at all, you are endeavoring to get to 
heaven in some other way than by the hum- 
bling way of the cross. Can you ' climb up 
some other way V Can you scale the battle- 
ments of heaven, or break the gates of the 
celestial city ? If you expect ever to be saved, 
you are to seek the Lord your God, repent of 
your sins, and submit to the Saviour. Are you 
determined to do it? If so, when will you do 
the work ] My impenitent friends, the joys of 
heaven and the horrors of hell, the justice of 
God in the punishment of the lost, and his 
mercy in extending pardon to the penitent, all 
urge you to seek immediately the Lord your 
God. While the soul is at stake, heaven and 
hell are pending, and the command of Jeho- 
vah, ' Seek ye my face,' sounding in your ears, 
why will you not from tire heart adopt the re- 
ply of the Psalmist, ' Thy face, Lord, will I 
seek.' My friends, you may search through 
the Christian church, and you will find no one 
who has submitted himself to the Saviour,, 



54 

who will say, that he was without a resolution 
to do his duty. And, I would appeal to every 
professor and hopeful convert present, whether 
they were through their experience without a 
determination to cast themselves as lost sin* 
ners upon the arm of an Almighty Saviour. 
If such has been the experience of all Chris- 
tians, can you expect to obtain the favor of 
God and everlasting life, without a resolution 
to God that you will do it ? Perhaps you are 
seeking, or intend to seek, but not seeking in 
the way which God requires, nor in his time: 
The directions in the Bible are sure, and plain 
to be understood. While you are indulging 
excuses, and procrastinating, your case is be- 
coming worse. Like the blind man who ad- 
vances towards a dangerous precipice, disre- 
garding the alarms which are given him, be- 
cause he sees not his danger ; so you, in your 
present course, are approaching certain de- 
struction, until you heed the warnings which 
are given you, and make your escape. Some 
may see their danger in some measure, but 
think that they have not a sufficient sense of 
their guilt to turn, or even resolve to turn. In 
this condition many continue to grieve the Spi- 
rit, until its warning voice ceases to be heard, 



55 



and the sinner plunges never to rise, or is 
abandoned to a more aggravated doom. Im- 
pendent sinner, whether stupid, thoughtful, or 
deeply anxious, you are called upon to choose 
this evening whom you will serve. You are 
waned by the voice of conscience, by the 
solemn consideration of death and the tor- 
meits of the world of woe; you are invited 
by die joys of heaven and the songs of the re- 
deemed ; you are commanded by the God of 
lieaven, to come to the solemn decision, that 
you will now, in reliance upon the Divine aid, 
seek the Lord your God, and submit to the 
easy terms of salvation." 

Meriden, July 26, 1829. 
Dear Sister, 

Having heard that you was ill, I felt very 
anxious to come and see you ; but the present 
state of my business would not permit. Pro- 
vidence seems still to frown upon our family ; 
but it is all right. How rejoicing the thought, 
that we are in the hajids of a righteous God ; 
and that his holy dispensations are ordered in 
\risdom. We may expect a change in our 
family soon ; and in what way we know not. 
Death may enter our circle. Grandma may 
survive us, yet we cannot expect she will con- 
6 



56 



tinue long ; and how precious the thought, that 
she is prepared to go to the eternal world ; and 
when I think of her leaving her tenement of 
clay, and going to the blessed abodes of hea- 
ven, it seems like parting with her but for a 
little season. I trust we shall not bid her an 
eternal adieu, but that we shall be so happy as 
to meet her in the kingdom of glory. 

I have recently received a letter from :ou* 
sin R. It was rejoicing to my heart to \eax 
from that dear friend, whose salvation I ar* 
dently desired and prayed for. But what gave 
me preculiar joy, was that she had hopefully 
embraced the blessed Redeemer as her e:er- 
nal portion, and subscribed with her own hmd 
to the Lord. She needs our earnest prayers. 

T am happy to say that the work of Divne 
grace is still going forward among us in an in- 
teresting manner. I hope to see it progress 
more and more, under God. His hand is not 
shortened, nor his ear heavy, nor are angels 
wearied in rejoicing over repenting sinners. 
May God and the worth of immortal souls for- 
bid that Christians should be weary 01 prord 
of the blessing. 

As for myself, I am about as usual. I carry 
within me the same depraved heart, and have 
the same unholy desires, the same enemies to 



57 



contend with, and the same Almighty Friend 
to go to. Never have I felt so fearless of 
mortal man, the face of clay, as at present. I 
am determined to come right up to the line, in 
the front of the battle, and there stand, and 
there die ; and may the Lord help me by his 
grace. 

I think that there are as many as sixty or 
seventy converts in this place, who give good 
evidence of piety. Pray for me, and for the 
prosperity of Zion in this place. 

From your affectionate brother, 

Wm. C. Bushnell. 

Meriden, March, 1830. 
Dear Sister, 

I have this day received much good news 
from brother jVL, who has recently come from 
W. ; but nothing so reached my feelings, as 
your interesting letter. To hear of the Lord's 
searching that Jerusalem as with candles, of 
his arousing to action xhose who were at ease in 
Zion, and of his awakening those who to hu- 
man appearance were past the door of mercy, 
w T ere to me a source of peculiar joy. I trem- 
ble for them. It may be the very last call to 
many. 

The spiritual condition of S. is the subject 



58 



of frequent remark in this place ; and I be- 
lieve that it has had a good effect upon this 
people, to hear of the signal displays of grace 
in that region. I am expecting an outpouring 
of the Spirit here, and I find that this feeling 
is somewhat extensive.. Our meetings are well 
attended^ and solemn. I desire much to spend 
a w T eek in S., but my business, and the inte- 
rests of Zion in this place, render it inexpe- 
dient I wish that the little influence which I 
enjoy, might come in contact with that flame 
of the Spirit which I trust is kindled in your 
bosom, that a holy flame might light up in my 
soul, and spread around me ; and, as it were, 
burn up all formality, coldness and death, 
which is daily witnessed. I think I have a lit- 
tle of that feeling with which I started in the 
divine life. May the Lord enable me to be 
faithful, 

# ^ILLIAM C. BuSHNELL. 

Meriden, May 7, 1830. 
Dear Sister, 

I received Sarah's letter last evening by 

Mr. D. My health is good; how great a 

blessing. How good is the Lord, and how 

mindful is he of me, though I so often forget 

him. Who has fewer earthly troubles than 



59 



myself, and yet how ungrateful, and what poor 
returns do I make. Although I am so favor- 
ed, still, I have something which troubles me 
by night and by day, when I go out and 
when I come in. It is this evil heart, this 
warring of the members by which I am 
brought into captivity. It sometimes appears 
as if 1 was almost encompassed about with 
the hosts of darkness ; but still, I feel as if I 
could run and hide under the shelter of 
the cross, where only there is safety. Not- 
withstanding all my enemies within and with- 
out, I do enjoy, (if I am not deceived,) the 
religion of Jesus Christ. From the promises 
of God I feel encouraged, and am determin- 
ed to go forward ; but there is a difficult hill 
to climb, and a fierce combat in which to en- 
gage ; but the Lord will help us, and will fight 
for us ; and what shall we fear ] 

What are you doing, dear sister ; are you 
faithful and heartily engaged in the Saviour's 
cause? You have, M., passed through many 
trying scenes ; but you have, as I humbly 
hope, been brought to bow at the Saviour's 
feet ; and your name I trust has been recorded 
in the Lamb's book of life. If so, how glo- 
rious and happy the thought ! Since j ou have 
6* 



60 



indulged hope in Christ, much of your time 
has, perhaps, passed away with but little en* 
joyment But God is willing ever to impart 
to you the light of his countenance, and to 
grant you his presence to go with you. It is 
nought but your sins that keep you from al-> 
ways enjoying as much the comforts of reli- 
gion as you have in your brightest moments, 
when you could say, 

" I bid farewell to every fear, 
And wipe my weeping eyes," 

But we should be thankful for even one ray 
of hope, or the smallest portion of light that 
God may be pleased to shed upon our path. 
When I take a retrospect of the time since I 
have professed to love Christ, and see how 
little I have done for him, and for perishing 
souls ; when I look into my own heart and 
see its evils, I am almost led to despair of 
hope. But after all, when I find a desire to 
glorify God, to see the cause of Jesus prosper, 
to see souls converted, and to pray in secret to 
my Heavenly Father, then with some degree 
of confidence I hope that I am a Christian. 
Indeed, I sometimes feel as if I knew that 
I had passed from death unto life, and am 



61 



without a single doubt. I know that the heart 
is deceitful, and that we are prone to compare 
our feelings with others, and to neglect to try 
ourselves by the standard of unerring truth. 
The enjoyments that I have when separated 
from near and dear friends, is what I cannot 
express, when thinking that should I die sud- 
denly, I shall meet those whom I love on 
earth, in the regions of immortal day, where 
the numberless ages of eternity will be spent 
in viewing the works of God, and in adoring 
his matchless grace, In order thus to enjoy 
the society of heaven, we must be faithful to 
our own souls, to our fellow men, and to our 
dear Redeemer. I hope and I pray that you 
may hereafter enjoy more of the comforting 
influences of the Holy Spirit, that your way 
to eternity through the dark valley of death 
may be bright and triumphant. 

William C. Bushnell. 

Meriden, July 22, 1830. 

Dear Aunt, 

I regret that I have thus been under the 
necessity of delaying to write to >ou, feeling 
confident that you take a deep interest in my 
welfare, aad have long expected a letter. I 



62 



will give you a short history of our journey 
from Montgomery. Leaving M. on Friday, 
we arrived at Northampton in the evening. 
Our ride was very pleasant, and we were hap- 
py in finding our friends in N. in good health 
and engaged on the subject of religion. The 
next day at ten, we started for Mount Holyoke, 
After crossing the river, and riding a few 
miles we came to the foot of the mountain, 
where w r e began the difficult ascent ; and af- 
ter much fatigue we arrived on its summit^ 
nearly exhausted. I was delighted with the 
prospect I had from that elevated place, and 
was doubly paid for all my trouble. It was 
a favorable place to meditate on the wonders 
of the creation, and to adore the wisdom of 
the Creator. From N. we had a pleasant ride 
to Amherst ; and after enjoying a visit there, 
we returned to N. where we spent the Sab- 
bath. Mr. H. preached in the morning, and 
Mr. S. their pastor, in the afternoon. I was 
much pleased with the attention of that large 
audience to the ministrations of the word of 
life. In the evening I attended a prayer 
meeting where not many were present, it be- 
ing a stupid time in that favored place. On 
Monday evening we attended the Concert of 



63 

prayer for Sabbath schools ; which I believe 
was profitable and interesting. The next day ? 
sister A. and myself left for Hartford, where 
we spent the night ; and on the next day we 
called at the State Prison, and examined its 
several apartmenis. I called on uncle S, 
His family have been sick, but are recovering. 
Aunt F. has returned from the South, She 
says that cousin R. is one of the most lovely 
and devoted Christians she ever saw; and 
that C, is very serious, and her feelings tender 
upon the subject of religion. I did not have 
the pleasure of seeing Mr. G. as he was 
preaching in H. Having completed my visit, 
I have returned to Meriden, where I expect 
to remain through the summer. 

Respecting my own spiritual concerns, I 
have to confess, that new objects which at- 
tracted my attention, and longer intervals 
between meeting for prayer, during my visit, 
have had the sad effect of lessening my en- 
gagedness in the Redeemer's cause, which 
was before but small. But all this is my 
own fault. Still I find some grace in exerr 
cise in my heart, some enjoyment in the di- 
vine life. But O, my want of love and con- 
formity to God ! This is truly a life of toil 



64 



and trial, but I think I feel willing to bear the 
burden and heat of the day, in honor of my 
dear Master. 

There is nothing particularly interesting in 
this place at present, though meetings for so- 
cial prayer are frequent, and attended with 
interest. During my absence, three youths 
were hopefully brought from darkness to light, 
which rejoiced my heart. If I have any de- 
sire at all, it is to see God glorified in the 
salvation of sinners. 

I hope, dear aunt, that you will not be dis- 
couraged although darkness may gather about 
your path. What a consolation to the be- 
liever that the Lord rules, and does all his 
pleasure ; and that' he will, from the habita- 
tion of his holiness and glory, look with com- 
passion and complacency upon him who is of 
a humble and contrite spirit ! How great a 
consolation that there is a throne of grace, to 
which w r e can repair in .times of adversity, 
and find comfort. I hope you will remem- 
ber me in your prayers. 

William C. Bushnell. 

Not long before leaving the place, he deliv- 
ered the following address, by request, at a 
meeting of the Monthly Concert for prayer. 



65 

"ADDRESS. 
ec Christian Brethren, 

" It is well known to you, that the original 
design of the monthly concert was, to pray 
for the heathen world and for the missionaries 
of the cross. This meeting, which is now 
one of the most interesting and important, 
had its origin a few years since, from the sim- 
ple circumstance of a small number of Chris- 
tians appropriating the first Monday evening 
of each month, to pray for the success of mis- 
sions. In process of time, the cause engaged 
the attention of whole churches, and has en- 
larged, until now it is observed by nearly the 
whole Protestant Church throughout the world. 
In addressing you on this subject, I shall men- 
tion some of the definite objects which ought 
to be before our minds when we assemble at 
these meetings,- and the manner in which we 
should pray. 

"In the first place, we should contemplate the 
heathen world. That we may form some ade- 
quate idea of their wretchedness, we should 
contrast their condition with ours. We should 
view them without the Bible, without the Sab- 
bath, without any other light than that which 
nature affords them, advancing to eternity, not 



66 

knowing that there is a Saviour of sinners. 
We have melancholy evidence that the light 
of nature is ineffectual to bring them back to 
obedience to God ; and we have the testimo- 
ny of scripture, " Where there is no vision 
the people perish." We are, therefore, to re- 
gard their destruction as certain, without the 
gospeL How are they to have the gospel? 
I answer, it must be seilt to them* This sug- 
gests another object, which should on these oc- 
casion be before our minds. 

" The benevolent societies of the present age 1 
which are aiming at the universal spread of 
the gospel, and the conversion of the world. 
Among these may be mentioned the Ameri- 
can Board as the most prominent. It has al- 
ready two hundred missionaries and assistant 
missionaries, laboring in many parts of the 
world. They are dispersed at Bombay, Cey- 
lon, India, Beyroot, Syria, Malta, and at many 
of the islands in the Pacific, and among seve- 
ral tribes of Indians on our own continent* 
This society is enlarging its operations, and is 
waiting for means to enable it to send the gos- 
pel to every nation under heaven. The Ame- 
rican Bible and Tract Societies may also be 
mentioned, as sending far and wide their influ- 



67 

enee. The one annually sending forth many 
thousand copies of the Bible, and the other 
scattering wide its pages of religious 
truth. The Home Missionary, the Coloniza- 
tion, and the Education societies, have done 
much, and promise still greater things for the 
church of Christ. All these and other like 
benevolent institutions, ought to be remem- 
bered with peculiar interest at these meetings 
of the Monthly Concert of prayer. That 
these societies may meet the wants of the des- 
titute, and carry forward their benevolent 
purposes with success, we should view them 
as having a peculiar claim upon our prayers. 
We should pray that the Christian, whose re- 
demption is bought with blood, may feel and 
act, as if " the silver and gold were the Lord's, 
and the cattle upon a thousand hills." Here 
we should pray that laborers may be raised 
up, and sent forth to preach the gospel to ev- 
ery creature. 
"As a third object to come before our minds, 
may be mentioned, the missionaries of the 
cross. We should contemplate these devoted 
servants of God, leaving their friends and 
the land of their birth, crossing the ocean, or 
traversing the wilderness, to the place of their 

7 



labors, and pray that God would sustain under 
every trial, and give them success in their 
toils. Exposed as they are to dangers, and 
called to endure hardships, we should pray 
that God would be their shield, and strengthen 
them to do his work. Whether called to 
meet the assaults of licentious priests, or of 
wicked rulers, to teach the ignorant,, or to im- 
part consolation to the distressed, let us on 
this and the like occasions, sustain them by 
our prayers. Let them receive from us the 
sympathies, the affection of a sanctified heart* 
In connection with missionaries should be 
remembered, those under the influence of their 
labors. Although the heathen may be in-* 
structed and preached to, yet the great end 
of missionary labors will not be attained with- 
out the accompanying influences of the Holy 
Spirit. Although this is true, we are to keep 
in mind, that divine truth, the sword of the 
Spirit, is the grand instrument in the work of 
regeneration. Both of these truths should be 
at once distinctly before our mind. There- 
fore we should not only pray that the sound 
of the gospel may be heard, but that its offers 
may be accepted. How necessary, my chris- 
tian brethren and friends, that the truths con- 
cerning salvation by Christ, the worth of the 



69 



soul, and the wretchedness of being without a 
knowledge of God, be in lively remembrance, 
in order tn pray fervently for the benighted 
heathen 1 

" With the heathen, and the various benevo- 
lent societies which are aiming at the conver- 
sion of the world, with the missionaries and 
those among whom they are laboring, distinct- 
ly before our minds, let us consider the manner 
in which we should pray,. As embraced in 
this, we will notice the form, the union, and 
the spirit of prayer. 

" Our form in these meetings ought to be pe- 
culiar and adapted to the exigencies of the 
occasion. We are not to mention at this time 
the wants of ourselves or of our families, as 
the prominent object of our supplications. — 
Yet how often is it true, that the fleeting mo- 
ments of this concert are spent in offering 
prayers which in themselves are good, but 
which are foreign from the design of this meet- 
ing. If we were called to pray for a person 
dangerouslv ill, we should remember his case 
in our first entreaties at the throne of grace, 
and it would be the burden of our cries 
throughout our whole prayer. To neglect 
this would seem like indifference in relation to 



70 



his pressing wants. And does it not seem like 
indifference to the wants of the perishing hea- 
then, and the missionaries, to barely mention 
their case in our supplications 1 Far be it 
from me, my Christian brethren, to throw any 
reflection upon the prayers offered at our Con- 
certs, and equally far to direct as to the form 
of prayer. But how chilling to a person of 
a warm missionary spirit, who has looked for- 
ward to the Concert of prayer with peculiar 
anxiety, and has come with his soul burdened 
with the eternal welfare of the heathen, to 
have but few of his ardent desires expressed 
at the throne of grace ? Let us, brethren, 
remember our errand when we come together, 
which is, to pray for the prosperity of mis- 
sions. 

u We will notice the union with which we 
should pray. First, let us unite with one 
another. Our hearts should all be as one. — 
We should all agree as touching one and the 
same thing. We ought to remember that not 
only the protestant churches of our land, but 
nearly all throughout the world, are engaged 
in the same cause. Yes, Christian friends, 
even at this hour, the prayers of thousands 
are ascending to the ears of the Lord of Hosts ; 
in answer to which, he is pleased to pour out 



71 



the showers of his grace, to water his thirsty 
heritage. How interesting to the thoughts of 
the friends of Zion, that as the earth revolves 
and throws its shadows over its inhabitants, 
the whole Israel of God assemble to pray for 
that cause which is now before our minds. In 
view of this union of effort for the cause cf 
God, well may the hosts of darkness tremble, 
and every Christian soldier take courage ; for 
it is the Lord thatfighteth for them. 

" Having said thus much on the subject, the 
main point yet remains untouched ; I mean, 
the spirit with ivhich we should pray. A 
deep sense of the character of God should in- 
spire us with the utmost solemnity and reve- 
rence. We are to come to the throne of 
grace with a humbling sense of our own vile- 
ness and entire dependence upon the teaching 
influence of the Holy Spirit. Having before 
our minds the objects which have been speci- 
fied, we should come as beggars to the throne 
of grace; and in the exercise of repentance, 
humility, and love, with our whole souls we 
should pray, " Thy kingdom come." Our 
prayers should be offered in faith, through the 
merits of Christ, whom we should ever con- 
template as mediator. We ought also to oq 



72 

encouraged by the precious promises of God, 
showing the efficacy of prayer and his wil- 
lingness to answer our supplications. Like 
Jacob of old, we should wrestle with the An- 
gel of the covenant until we prevail. In fine, 
with an unwavering faith we should draw near 
to God with our hearts, and cry unto him, 
4 O, let thy salvation and thy righteousness 
be plainly showed in the sight of the hea- 
then, and let all the earth see the salvation of 
our God.' 4 O, give to thy Son the heathen 
for his inheritance, and the uttermost parts of 
the earth for his possession !' 

"In view of the solemn responsibilities rest- 
ing upon us, to feel, to pray, and to act for 
the salvation of the heathen ; in view of their 
wretchedness and awful exposure to the wrath 
of God ; in view of the encouragements from 
the exertions of the Christian world and the 
promises of God ; and with the solemn reflec- 
tion that before the return of another Month- 
ly Concert, many will probably be beyond 
the reach of our prayers, let us awake to fer- 
vent, importunate, persevering prayer ; and 
it will tell upon the future destinies of many 
who shall be redeemed out of every people, 
nation, and language under heaven." 



73 



Mr, Bushnell, during his continuance in 
Meriden, was actively engaged in the Sabbath 
school. His last efforts in doing good here, 
were in teaching about twenty young men, 
several of whom were older than himself; and 
it is believed that his faithfulness and zeal for 
their eternal interests, will long be remember- 
ed by them with gratitude. 

Other labors of his, and their success, might 
be mentioned ; but as we are considering the 
history of a carpenter, one who labored daily 
with his own hands, they are omitted. His 
conduct was uniformly marked with humility 
and Christian meekness, Making no preten* 
sions to what gives earthly distinctions, he on- 
ly claimed to be a disciple of his Saviour. — > 
His pious walk and conversation, his faithful-* 
ness and zeal for the honor of God, plainly 
evinced that he watched for souls as one that 
felt his accountability. And although his ef- 
forts in the praving circle, in the conference 
room, and during whole days devoted to the 
work of his Master, are not recorded here, 
vet they will long be remembered by the com- 
munity, the church, and converts to God, 



74 



CHAPTER V. 

His determination to commence a course of study. — 
Reasons for so doing. — Becomes a member of Mon» 
son Academy. — Rules of conduct. — Extracts from 
his diary and correspondence. — Remarks on his 
habits. — Failure of his health. 

For several months, it had been a question 
of deep interest with Mr. Bushnell, whether 
it was his duty to relinquish work*at his trade, 
and to commence a course of study in view 
of the gospel ministry. His own support, 
which was dependent upon his labor, the cir- 
cumstances of friends whom it had afforded 
him pleasure to aid, were reasons against such 
a measure, Attachment to his occupation, 
and prospects of success from patronage re- 
ceived, also dissuaded him from engaging in 
what would throw a shade over his prospects 
for this world. Having given himself to pray- 
er, and asked the counsel of his friends, he 
deemed it his duty to commence a course of 
study. His reasons for taking this step were 
as follows : 



75 



" I believe it to be my duty to do that which 
will most benefit the cause of God. If I 
preach the gospel, I can, during my prepara- 
tory course, do as much for the spiritual good 
of my fellow men, as in pursuing my present 
employment ; and on entering the field of la- 
bor, I can do more. Thus in the end I can 
accomplish greater good." 

This decision was made with due reference 
to the uncertainty of life; and it is given as 
nearly as can be remembered in his own lan- 
guage. Having made it, he never " looked 
back," but affirmed upon his dying bed, that 
he never regretted his entrance upon a course 
of study. 

It w r as in September, 1830, when Mr, Bush- 
nell left Meriden and removed to Monson 
Academy. Arrived at the institution, he com- 
menced a course of classical studies, which 
he prosecuted with diligence and success. — > 
Soon after his connection with the Academy, 
he adopted the following resolutions, which 
were not read until after his death by any per- 
son except himself. During his sickness he 
gave the little book which contained them to 
his sisters, and requested them to sew it round 



76 



the edges, and when he was gone to examine 

its contents. 

■ 

1. Resolved, to make the glory of God and 
the everlasting happiness of the soul a influ- 
ence as much as possible all the actions of my 
life. 

2. Resolved, ever to hold myself in readi- 
ness to lead in prayer, or to speak upon the 
subject of religion to others on all proper oc- 
casions. 

3. Resolved, to attend to secret prayer 
both morning and evening, also to read a por- 
tion of scripture daily ; besides which, to read 
a portion of Scott's Commentary, either 
morning or evening, as far as is pacticable. 

4. Resolved, not to spend money for that 
which is only for the gratification of sensual 
desires ; but to be economical and prudent. 

5. Resolved, to he temperate in food, 
4rink, sleep, and in wearing apparel \ never to 
indulge unnecessarily in either. 

6. Resolved, to retire to rest, so far as may 
be convenient, at ten in the evening, and to 
arise at five in the morning. 

7. Resolved, not to fall into unnecessary 
disputes or arguments w T ith others, or to indulge 
in vain and trifling conversation. 



77 

S» Resolved, to keep under my body, and 
to bring all the passions into subjection, as far 
as possible. 

9. Resolved, never to neglect a known du- 
ty from the fear of man or the like. 

10. Resolved, to make the word of God 
my gvide, and ever to look for the influences 
of the Holy Spirit, that I may be enabled to 
keep these resolutions, without whose aid 
they will be broken and rise up to my condem- 
nation. "William C. Bushnell* 

May the God of grace help me to keep 
these resolutions.- 

Monson Academy, Jan. 1881. 
Dear Sister, 

I received your interesting letter last week$ 
and was rejoiced to hear that my friends were 
well. I feel grateful to you for your kind re« 
membrance of me, and for your affectionate 
counsel.- Not a day passes but what I remem^ 
ber my dear friends in S. and M. It is a 
great consolation to me, that theie are those 
who feel interested both for my spiritual and 
temporal welfare. Providence continues to 1 
me health, and all the blessings of this life' 



which I need; but I am very ungrateful to 
my kind benefactor. 

I have formed some new and solemn reso- 
lutions of obedience to God ; and may he 
help me to keep them. I am determined to 
live for the glory of God, and ever to act with 
reference to the interests of the soul. My 
mind is much occupied with my studies ; but 
1 must find time to study my duty towards 
God and my fellow men. 

I am sorry to say that the state of religion 
among this people is not very interesting. — - 
There are some, however who stand at their 
posts, with the determination to hold out faith- 
ful in the cause which they have espoused. 
Mr. E. the pastor, is much engaged, and feels 
for the interests of Zion. O that the Lord 
would revive his work among us ! I feel anx- 
ious for the church of which I am a member. 
Nothing would rejoice my heart more than to 
hear that the Lord was reviving his work 
among that people. 

I feel, S., that a great work is before me ; 
but should I, after all my toils, be the instru- 
ment of the salvation of one soul, I shall 
never regret my labors ; although I think I 
ought not to cease my exertions, while there 
is a soul out of Christ. I hope, with the di- 



79 

vine blessing, that in due time I shall be pre- 
pared for some humble station, where I shall 
exert an influence which will be felt forever 
to the glory of my Master. 

William C. Bushxell. 

At the commencement of this year, Mr. 
Bushnell began a diary, from which we shall 
make extracts. It is prefaced with the fol- 
lowing, 

" This being a favorable time for reflection 
on the past, and forming resolutions for the 
future, I am induced to commence this diary, 
hoping that it may conduce to my spiritual 
interests, by leading me to a more holy conse- 
cration of myself and my time to the service 
of the divine Redeemer. O, may my life be 
such during the year upon which I have en- 
tered, that I shall not be ashamed to see its 
account recorded in the book of God's re- 
membrance. 

William C. Bushnell. 

Monson Academy ', Jan. 1, 1831. " 

"Jixrc. 1. Arose this morning with a violent 

cold. My heart is also in a cold state, for 

which I have no excuse. After a w r alk, read 

a portion of scrioture, and attended secret 

8 



80 



prayer ; also prayed with the family in whicb 
I board. In the evening I attended a reli- 
gious meeting, from which I felt profited In 
looking back upon the past year, and seeing 
how little I have done for the honor of my 
Master; and in recounting the multiplied 
blessings which the Lord has poured upon 
my unworthy head ; and when I consider the 
poor returns I have made* I see great reason 
to be humbled in the dust before God. O 
may God grant me his Holy Spirit to prepare 
me to enter in a becoming manner upon the 
duties of this year. 

Jan. 2. After an attendance upon the duties 
of the closet, I prepared for the prayer meet- 
ing of the students, and for the house of God^ 
The season of prayer at the academy was 
precious, and I think my heart became better 
prepared to enter the courts of the Lord. Id 
the morning, Mr. E. preached a solemn dis- 
course, and in the afternoon his subject was 7 
" the danger and the folly of procrastination." 
In the evening I attended a Bible class con- 
ducted by Mr. P. for the benefit of the stu- 
dents. Thus the first Sabbath of the year 
is passed away, and its account sealed up for- 
ever. The day has been one of peculiar in- 



81 



terest to me ; and I feel somewhat more enga- 
ged in my Master's cause, more joy in the 
Holy Ghost 

Jan. 3. Pursued my studies this day with 
cheerfulness and encouragement. In the eve- 
ning attended the Monthly Concert, The in- 
telligence communicated seemed sufficient to 
awaken every true friend of Zion. I retur- 
ned from the meeting with some little energy 
in the cause of missions ; but I am still, as it 
were, dead to the subject. 

Jan. 4. Felt much encouraged from success 
in my studies. May the Lord help me to go 
forward in his cause; 

Jan. 6. Attended a conference meeting this 
evening. It w 7 as a good season to me ; yet 
the small number seemed to say, " How art 
thou fallen, O Jerusalem, because few come 
to thy solemn feasts!" Some interesting re- 
marks were made ; mav they be followed by 
the power of the Holy Ghost. 

Jan. 7. Spent a portion of the day in read- 
ing the life of Dr. Payson. The season was 
refreshing to my soul I believe I gained 
new strength for the service of God. 

Jan. 8. Spent the afternoon in reading and 
in preparing for the holy Sabbath. Attended 
a prayer meeting in the evening. 



82 



Jan. 11. A letter from my friend mentions 
the death of two persons with whom I was 
familiarly acquainted, which reminds me of 
my own mortality. My mind continues in a 
dull frame for the worship of Him who see- 
keth spiritual worshippers. 

Jan. 15, The week is drawing to a close, 
and I am hastening to eternity and to the bar 
of God. Spent the evening at the house of 
Deacon H. in social worship. It was an in- 
teresting interview. I believe the promise of 
the Saviour was there verified, which stands 
recorded for the encouragement of those who 
meet in his name. 

Jan. 16. This day has been to me a delight, 
and I could esteem the Sabbath of the Lord 
honorable. I have enjoyed the services of 
the sanctuary much, and received strength for 
the duties of another week. 

Jan. 18. Applied my mind close to my studies 
and felt that 1 could invoke the divine blessing 
to attend my labors. I often think of the tri- 
als which await me if I continue a course of 
study, and the great responsibility I am taking 
upon myself. But the Liord will sustain me s 
if I trust in him, 



83 



Jan.22. I am afflicted with lameness, which 
confines me to my room. Alas, I am full of 
murraurings. But " wherefore should a liv- 
ing man complain 1" The Lord deals infi- 
nitely better with me than I deserve. My 
mind is yet in a wandering state, and devo- 
tions dull. 

Jan. 23. My lameness prevents my atten- 
dance on public worship to-day. How prone 
am I to undervalue my privileges, unless they 
are take l from me. I spent most of the day 
in reading the scriptures, hymns, and in 
prayer. I felt as if the Saviour was indeed 
with me. When I reflected upon the circum- 
stances of my conversion to God, upon the 
condition of my friends, both those who are 
and those who are not the followers of Christ ; 
and especially, when I remembered the loving 
kindness of the Saviour, my heait seemed to 
melt within me. How blessed to have this 
heart of stone melted by the Spirit of God, 
and flow forth in tears of penitence ! Often 
do I think of my near friends who aie still 
enemies to him who is my only hope, whom I 
love and endeavor to serve. When I call to 
mind the scenes of the spring and summer of 
1827, 1 feel my heart kindling anew ; and me- 
8* 



84 

thinks that the songs which were then sung in 
the presence of God, in view of sinners con- 
verted, are yet sounding through the arches of 
heaven. 

Jan. 27. I am recovered of my lameness, 
for which I ought to be very thankful to God. 
I often in a distrustful state of mind inquire, 
how shall I have the comforts of this life? 
But away with such inquiries. Let me trust 
in the kind providence of God. To-day I 
heard Mr. V. preach a solemn discourse, and 
felt the effects of it in some degree in mv own 
soul. May it be blessed to the good of this 
people. Continue advancing in my studies ; 
but how slowly and reluctantly do I move to- 
wards the hill of Zion ! 

Jan. 29. During the day thought of the 
meeting to be held in the evening, and made 
it the subject of prayer. But for want of the 
influences of the insulted Spirit, how unfit am 
I to engage in the immediate worship of a ho- 
ly God. The evening arrives, and I find my- 
self in the social circle. Glad tidings were 
reported from different parts of the land. 
Some intelligence was also communicated 
from the Indians. My pity was excited for 
their welfare. When will these natives of our 



85 



country be delivered from oppression. May 
the Lord interpose in their behalf. 

Jan. 30. The light of another holy Sab- 
bath shines upon me. O that the Sun of 
Righteousness would burst upon my darkened 
soul ! I enjoyed the prayer meeting and the 
services of the sanctuary much. Mr. E. 
preached two sermons from " Why dost thou 
judge thy brother, or why dost thou set at 
naught thy brother, for we must all stand be- 
for the judgment seat of Christ." 

Feb. 5. Devoted the first moment of this 
day to the service of God. Pursued my stu- 
dies with much cheerfulness and success. But 
while thus engaged, where has been my heart ? 
Ah ! it has been far from God and eternal 
concerns. May the time come when I shall 
be enabled to devote more time to the im- 
provement of my heart. How delightful is it 
for the follower of Christ to read his word, to 
meditate upon it, and to pray over it, when he 
feels right, and has the influences of the Spirit. 
But how far am I from this right state of soul ! 
In the evening I laid aside the cares of this 
world, and spent a season in the worship of 
God. Although but few assembled, I believe 
that the Saviour was there. Some interesting 
intellieence was communicated from the Colo- 



nization Society. I was rejoiced to hear that 
those in temporal bondage were becoming 
free, as well as that those in the bondage of 
sin and Satan were made free by the Spirit of 
God. Another week has fled ; and the sa- 
cred hoars of the Sabbath are at hand. May 
I be enabled to devote them wholly to the 
worship of him who is the Lord of the Sab- 
bath. 

Feb. 6. This day I met with the flock of 
Christ around the sacramental board. It was 
a solemn and interesting season. But O, the 
stupidity of my heart ! How unworthy a 
guest was I at that holy feast ! I have reason 
to be ashamed before God in view of my heart 
on this occasion. It is my prayer that this 
season may not be lost upon my soul. 

Feb. 19. Saturday evening. This day ma- 
ny solemn thoughts seemed to rush into my 
mind. Another term is nearly at a close. 
What have I done to advance the Saviour's 
kingdom ? The thought that some present 
will never meet again in this place for social 
woiship, rendered the meeting peculiarly sq- 
lemn. After the exercises several of the 
brethren waited, and spent a season in prayer 
for the impenitent members of the academy. 



87 



How delightful to engage in prayer with dear 
fellow Christians, to him who loves to answer 
our requests, in pouring out the richest of his 
blessings! The Saviour, too, has promised 
to be present and to bless. My prayer to God 
is, that he would appear for the conversion of 
my dear fellow students. O, that Christians 
would pray more fervently for them ! I reti- 
red to my room with some new resolutions 
concerning Zion. O, that the Lord would 
help me to pay my vows ! 

Feb. 24. Visited the family of Mr. B. and 
found, I believe, sincere Christian friends, 
with whom I had a very interesting interview. 
In the afternoon the pious students who re* 
mained here during vacation, met to pray for 
the colleges of our land. This is the day 
which is set apart for this purpose. We had a 
good season together, and unitedly engaged to 
be faithful to those students who might be 
within our influence the ensuing term. Still 
my heart is cold, and my affections languid. I 
daily look forward with the hope of being 
more devoted. But now is the time to com- 
mence a more holy life. May the Lord help 
me to be more engaged in my Master's cause.'* 



88 



Mr. Bushnell's labors had been for several 
months considerable. Besides a close appli- 
cation to study, he seldom attended less than 
four religious meetings a week, in all of which 
he was accustomed to take an active part ; 
often the entire management of the meeting 
rested upon him. These duties were not en- 
tered upon rashly, or without premeditation. 
It was his frequent practice, as will appear 
from subsequent parts of his diary, to devote 
a season to secret prayer, before engaging in 
the exercises of a religious meeting ; also, to 
study a portion of scripture, which he made 
the theme of his remarks. Besides, he atten- 
ded a prayer meeting every Sabbath morning, 
in the academy, and was actively engaged in 
the Sabbath school and Bible class. 

March 2. Commencement of the term. — 
Began the study of Greek and Cicero's Ora- 
tions. I have resolved to be more engaged in the 
cause of my Divine Master. O, may the Lord 
help me ! It is my daily practice to enter my 
closet three times each day, and to offer up 
my supplications to God. But with what for- 
mality are my prayers offered ! They need 
to be purified by the blood of Christ. We 
held a religious meeting in the evening ; and 



89 



the greater part of those present were profes* 
sors of religion. It was a time of confessing 
our sins and promising to be more faithful. 
Those who entered into this engagement man- 
ifested it by rising ; after which we implored 
the divine aid, to enable us to keep this solemn 
resolution. After the meeting, I had some 
conversation with a few of my Christian 
brethren, and felt very much revived. " Be- 
hold, how good and how pleasant a thing it is 
for brethren to dwell together in unity !" 

The following extract of a letter to his sis- 
ter, may serve to show that his desire for the 
salvation of souls had not forsaken hir% on 
leaving his near friends and acquaintance* 

Monson Academy, March 3, 1831. 
Dear Sister, 

Having said thus much upon our temporal 
concerns, let us look into our own souls, and 
forward to another world. I am, dear sister, 
too stupid to write upon spiritual subjects, 
too lifeless to speak of heavenly joys; yet I 
hope and trust that a spark of grace remains* 
I still find delight in the closet, in the social cir- 
cle, and in the house of God. My resolution is 
yet firm to go forward in my master's cause. 



90 

How blessed to be under the banner of king 
Immanuel, fighting for the honor of his name. 
Although the ways of Zion mourn in this 
place, there are some who feel for her prospe- 
rity* There are some pious families, where 
religion is always a welcome subject of con- 
versation, and in whose society I find much 
enjoyment. We have some precious prayer 
meetings, although but few attend. 

What the Lord is doing in other parts of his 
vineyard, is full of encouragement to every 
humble believer. While hearing such glad 
news from different portions of the land, I 
think of the church to which 1 belong. O, 
that I could hear that the Lord was bringing 
in his elect in that part of his Zion ! The 
question often occurs to me, how does religion 
flourish in my father's family 2 M., how do 
you enjoy the religion of the gospel? I trust 
you know what it is to have the joys of sins 
forgiven, and a hope of being at peace with 
God. Although you may sometimes be in 
darkness and see no light, yet be thankful to 
God for the light he grants you. Live near 
to God ; hold a daily intercourse with Him by 
reading his word and by prayer. As you 
have considerable intercourse among those with 



91 

whom you are acquainted, improve such op- 
portunities for benefiting their souls, and speak- 
ing often of the truths of the gospel. We 
should ever do our duty, and leave the event 
with God; and if we do not see the immedi- 
ate results of our labors, we shall secure to 
ourselves some present enjoyment, and a con- 
sciousness of having done our duty will cer- 
tainly soften our dying pillow. I see a great 
field before me, and it seems to be fast widen- 
ing. I have neglected duty and become too 
formal : but, by the grace of God, I am de- 
termined to be more zealous for my Redee- 
mer. But all my resolutions are vain, unless 
God grant me his aid ; and unless I fulfil them^ 
they will at last rise up in judgment against 
me. 1 feel very anxious about G. and A. 
When will they return to God by repentance 1 
Will it be, that in the last day, I shall see 
either of them at the left hand of the Judge, 
doomed to eternal exile from God 1 We 
must make them particular subjects of our in- 
tercessions at the throne of grace. 

William C. Bushnell, 

March 12. Saturday evening. Spent the 
evening in a religious meeting. It is good oc- 
casionally, yea often, to turn aside from world- 
9 



92 



\y business, and to spend seasons in the im- 
mediate worship of God. But I find that I 
am prone to be formal ; yet the cheering in- 
telligence communicated this evening, served 
in some degree to awaken within me a revival 
spirit. I felt determined to be faithful to the 
souls of others. Theie are many around me 
perishing in their sins ; and let me for one, go 
forth in the good work of saving souls, look- 
ing unto God for aid. My dear Christian 
brethren seem to be more engaged for Christ* 

About this time a morning prayer meeting 
was established, which Mr. Bushnell, conti- 
nued to attend until the failure of his health. 

March 15. " Arose before five and went 
about half a mile to attend a morning prayer 
meeting, whose object was to pray especially 
for a revival of religion. I do believe that some 
faith was exercised, though I am of all the 
most unbelieving. The prayer meeting at the 
academy was peculiarly solemn. The bur- 
den of all our intercessions was, that the Lord 
would revive his work. I attended a meeting 
at one of the factory villages in the evening. 
The subjects of remark were, the end of time 
and the judgment. May God grant his bles- 



93 



sing upon these poor labors. Thus another 
Sabbath has gone, and how have I improved 
its precious hours ? O, that the sins of which 
I have been guilty this day may be forgiven, 
and what I have heard be sealed by the Spi- 
rit to my heart. 

March 18. Pursued my studies this day 
with greater zeal for the honor of God. I think 
that I was enabled to come nearer to God 
in my closet this day than heretofore. I have 
a hope and some faith that the Lord is draw- 
ing near to this place. Let me be ready to re- 
ceive him. The condition of sinners seems 
to attract attention ; and 1 feel that the pray- 
ers offered for them will be heard. 

March 20. Met with a few Christian friends 
early in the morning at Mr. B.'s, and at nine, 
at the academy. The seasons were precious 
to my soul. I felt something of my first love 
kindling up in my heart. O, may it become 
a flame which will shine around me. I pray 
that these efforts of Christians may be effect 
tual. 

March 22. United with a lovely band of 
brothers and sisters in a prayer meeting at five 
in the morning. I do enjoy these early meet- 
ings, and I believe they will be blessed to the 



94 



good of souls. Felt more the need of the di- 
vine influence upon us. I pursued my studies 
with interest, looking forward to the time, 
when I shall become an ambassador of Christ. 
At the evening twilight, a fe.w kindred souls 
met and had a short interview at Mr. B.'s. It 
was one of the most precious seasons I ever en- 
joyed in M. There are indications that God 
is drawing nearer us by his Spirit 

March 25. Set apart this day for fasting, 
humiliation and prayer. I spent the day in 
reading the scriptures, communing with my 
ow r n heart, and in prayer ; and found it a bles- 
sed season to my immortal soul. I felt some 
brokenness of heart. Attended a prayer meet- 
ing in the evening. The feeling among Chris- 
tians is evidently increasing ; and these are 
tokens that the Lord is not far off. But O, 
this stupid heart of mine, and therefore my 
guilt ! 

April 1, Arose early and consecrated the 
first moments to the Lord ; repaired to the 
morning meeting — had some faith in God — 
thought much of the condition of sinners, and 
the interests of Zion, through the day. In the 
afternoon there was so much feeling manifest 
among the female members of the academy. 



95 



that the customary recitations were suspended, 
and the time spent in prayer, and in religious 
conversation. O, this important crisis ! How 
much prayer is needed ! Let not the blood of 
souls be found in my skirts ! I am determi- 
ned to wrestle with the Angel of the cove- 
nant. 

April 2. Felt the need of much prayer for 
the Spirit to convert sinners. Conversation 
was held with the impenitent, and several pray- 
ers offered for their conversion. I retired to 
my room with some revival feeling, and pray- 
ed that it might be increased. An almost 
overwhelming responsibility is now resting up- 
on all Christians in the institution. 

April 3. Arose a little past four and repaired 
to my closet. Both the prayer meetings, and 
those of the sanctuary were well attended ; and 
a deep solemnity seemed to rest upon them. 
At the close of this day, I feel that the Sab- 
bath of the Lord has been a delight. I thought 
much upon the state of this people, and felt 
that a solemn crisis had come. It is my daily 
and hourly prayer, that I ma}* not be in the 
way of the Lord's work. 

April 6. Met with a band of praying souls 
early this morning, and spent an hour in spe- 
*9 



95 



cial prayer for a revival of God's work. Felt 
very solemn during the day, and the state of 
sinners was much before my mind. After tea 
met with a few of my brethren in the acade- 
my, and enjoyed a season of conversation and 
prayer. It was a time of heart-searchings. I 
had some brokenness of heart. 

April 8. Prevented from attending the 
meeting this morning by ill health ; yet my 
heart was, I trust, united in some measure with 
those who met for prayer. Spent much of this 
day in retirement. The condition of the church 
and of poor perishing sinners lies with weight 
upon my mind ; yet how little do I feel in 
proportion to the demands of Christ. 

April 9. Spent the afternoon in prayer and 
in conversation. The season was solemn. 
Conversed with an anxious sinner, whose case 
is deeply interesting. O that he would submit 
to the Saviour, and thus keep the promise 
which he made in anguish ! 

April 10. Arose at half past four, and rais- 
ed my thoughts to God, imploring his aid to as- 
sist me in discharging the duties of this holy 
day. My health is not good, but better than 
I deserve. I enjoyed the presence of God 
this day in the midst of his congregation. Some 



97 



revival spirit in my heart ; yet how sinful is 
this soul. May the Lord search and try me, 
and lead me on to glory. 

April 11. In a severe pain much of the day 
with the head ache and a cough. Q, that my 
Immortal soul was as healthy as this tenement 
of clay ! Conversed with Miss E. a member 
of the academy, who was in a very interesting 
state of mind. Her inquiry was, ; What shall I 
do to be saved]' Scarcely a moment passes 
in which I do not think of sinners. 

April 15. The evidences of God's presence 
are fast brightening. We now have reason to 
hope, that the Saviour has four converts in this 
place, of whom two are members of the acade- 
my. Give God all the glory ; lie in the dust 
and pray ! 

Although Mr. Bushneirs health at this time 
was decidedly impaired, he seems in the fol- 
lowing letter wholly to forget the concerns of 
the body in his anxiety for the salvation of 
souls He is also looking with interest to the 
opening of the Sabbath school, where he hopes 
to do something for the honor of his Mas- 
ter. 



98 



Monson Academy, April 16, 1831. 
u Dear Sister, 

It is with peculiar feeling that I now write. 
We trust the Lord has begun a work of grace 
among us. Since the commencement of the 
present term, Christians in this institution have 
felt that something must he done for Christ, and 
to save perishing souls. Aceordignly special 
prayer meetings have been held, and conver- 
sation with the impenitent more faithfully atten- 
ded to ; and we believe that the few efforts that 
have been made have been blessed of God. 
The minds of some of the students have been 
somewhat impressed for several weeks. Some 
of the most thoughtless manifested anxiety about 
their souls, and begun to inquire, " What shall 
I do to be saved V 9 This seemed to arouse 
the followers of Christ to more fervent prayer 
and faithful exertion. While these things were 
transpiring in the academy, several were 
known to be anxious in town. I have to day 
conversed with two of the converts in the 
academy. Their souls seemed full of unspea- 
kable jo}\ One of them is a daughter of Mr. 
E. She has a fine, well cultivated mind ; and 
I trust that her influence will be happy on ma- 
ny of her companions. I feel in some mea- 



99 



sure the importance of being humble. I am 
afraid I shall attempt to rob God of the glory 
due to him. It seems to me that those dear 
youth were not converted in answer to my 
prayers; for O, bow polluted have been my 
best services ! It becomes me to lie in the 
dust. 

There is an influence here which is no less 
than that of the Holy Ghost. Meetings in town 
are beginning to be crowded, and assemblies 
solemn ; and if Christians will only arise, the 
blessing will descend. A cloud is directly over 
our heads, from which a few drops have de^ 
scended, as proof of its containing spiritual 
blessings. I beg you, dear sister, to pray for 
us ; pray for me, pray for my fellow students, 
and pray for this place. I have so much con- 
fidence in you, that I do believe you remem- 
ber us before God. I have warm friends here? 
and a door is open by which I hope to be use-» 
ful. Christians in this place design to make 
special efforts, and to have all the children 
brought into the Sabbath school. The town 
embracing much territory, schools will be es- 
tablished in the outer parts of it. I expect to 
take charge of one of them. I feel that I ought 
to have no lower standard before me, than 



100 

* x perfection in holiness, and the conversion of 
the world." 1 believe the idea is too prevalent 
that intense study, and engagedness in religion, 
cannot go along together. I wish that all 
might at once discard such an opinion. I am 
persuaded that the conduct of many students 
confirms such an idea ; but let all feel that they 
are the Lord's, and that they ought to do no- 
thing but what they do for him. Mr. P. our 
instructor, proposed that we make it a constant 
practice, after we have finished a lesson, to let 
our hearts revert to God,, as every person, 
when free from his business, thinks of the ob- 
ject nearest his heart." 

William C. Bushnell. 

April 19. My poor health continues, but 
the state of things around me is such, that it 
becomes me to be indifferent to the concerns 
of the .body, in comparison to those of the soul. 
The Lord has entered our family circle, and 
two are now -rejoicing in hope. We have rea- 
son to .exclaim, " What hath God wrought !" 
The past week has been one of interest to Zi- 
on. The Spirit of the Lord has appeared 
among us with power. Several have, as we 
ir t ust, been led to the Saviour. O, that Chris* 



101 

tians would take their proper places, and let 
the Lord do his work ! 

April 24. Sabbath eve. Another holy Sab- 
bath has shed its light upon me ; but how un- 
fit it found me for its sacred duties 1 Yet I 
trust that I was enabled to engage in the ser- 
vice of God with some spiritual life. How sol- 
emn the thought, that in a few days, an ac- 
count of this day's improvement will be 
demanded by the Judge of the quick and 
dead ! 

May 1. The state of my health continues 
bad. A severe cough is my affliction ; but what 
is this in comparison to wasting disease ! Du- 
ring the past week I have been enabled to at- 
tend to my regular studies most of the time, 
but have been deprived of the privilege of at- 
tending evening meetings. I am detained from 
the house of God, yet I trust that the Lord 
has not forsaken me. Spent most of the time 
in meditation and prayer. The work of the 
Lord still goes on among us. There is evi- 
dently a want of fervent prayer and strong 
faith." 

The state of Mr, Bushnell's health was 
was so much impaired, that he was advised 



102 

by his physician, to lose no time in relinquish- 
ing his studies, and in returning to his friends. 

His complaint was a cough, which had ori- 
ginated from a cold. At first nothing serious 
was apprehended ; but the cough becoming 
more violent, every exposure was carefully 
avoided, and remedies were applied for its re- 
moval. All produced no permanent effect. 
The cough, which seemed to be caused by an 
irritation of the throat, received only a tempo- 
rary check from medicine, and began very 
sensibly to prey upon his bodily frame. Short- 
ly before returning to his friends, he thus writes 
in his diary. 

May 9. I look back upon the past week, 
as one spent seemingly to little profit. My 
health has prevented me from attending any re- 
ligious meeting. I have, however, omitted 
but few of my lessons. I have apprehensions 
that some fatal disease is lurking about me, yet 
the Lord only knows. May his will be done. 
O, that I might be the humble instrument of 
carrying the gospel to some destitute por«* 
tion of our race ! All for which I desire to live 
in this world, is, that I may glorify God, and 
promote the interests of his church. I think I 
feel willing to trust the kind providence of my 



108 

Maker in all things. The time draws nigh, 
when I hope, the Lord willing, to visit my 
dear friends and my father's house. Never 
have I so much realized the blessings of health 
as since this violent cold and cough have sei- 
zed me*" 

A revival hadj by this time, become some- 
what general in the academy, and in various 
parts of town. Mr. Bushnell ardently desired 
to be engaged in this work ; yet he viewed the 
dealings of Providence towards him with com- 
posure and resignation. 

His room-mate was speaking to him of the 
progress of the revival, and of interesting 
meetings, to which he answered, " I cannot 
realize these things as if I was present." On 
being told that his physician said there were 
some alarming symptoms in his case, he re- 
plied with a smile, "I do not know what the 
good Lord will do with me." 

On the 11th of May he left M. to go to his 
friends. Fully aware that he might be bidding 
his last adieu to his fellow students and 
friends, he did not appear disconsolate, but 
was cheerful amid all the gloom that clouded 
his prospects. 

10 



105 



CHAPTER VI. 

Measures taken to regain his health. — Letter to Mr 
M. — Gives up the expectation of recovery. — At- 
tends to his secular concerns. — His desire to con- 
verse on the subject of religion and death. — His 
concern for the church. — Letters. — His faith and 
patience. — Desires the prayers of the church. — Ra- 
pid failure of his health. — His dying counsel. — His 
death. — Remarks. — Extracts from essays. 

Arrived at his home in Saybrook, Mr. 
Bushnell was immediately placed under the 
care of a physician. Every measure which 
seemed necessary, was taken for the recovery 
of his health, and nothing was withheld which 
the kindness of friends could bestow. Deep 
anxiety was also felt on the part of his ac- 
quaintance in Monson ; for, to use his own 
language, he had warm friends there. He 
had strong hopes that relaxation from study, 
and a change of air would have a favorable 
influence in removing those symptoms which 
seemed peculiarly threatening. But his own 
expectations were more flattering than those of 



106 

his friends. His pale, emaciated face, his dis- 
tressing cough, were premonitory that some in^ 
curahle disease had already commenced its 
work. One thing, however, appeared favorable, 
So far from desponding, he manifested a good 
flow of spirits, and conversed on the state of 
his health with his wonted cheerfulness. 

Having been at home about a week, he 
spent several days near the salt water ; but 
from this he received no benefit. From this 
time his prospects seemed to darken, and he 
had but faint hopes of recovery, To a friend 
at the academy he writes : 

Saybrook, June 27, 1831. 

Brother M , 

With great satisfaction I received your let- 
ter on Saturday last. It rejoices me to hear 
that the revival is yet continued among you. 
I have delayed writing to Monson thus long, on 
account of my poor health, my physician or- 
dering me neither to read or write. Such a 
disease is seated upon me, that it seems to baf- 
fle the power of medicine to remove it ; and 
I remain with a violent cough, and am very 
weak. I have not walked half a mile since 
I left Monson ; and with the present prospect 
before me, 1 shall never return. My friends 



107 

would not be surprised if this sickness should 
terminate my life ; and I feel that I must set 
my house in order. It looks very discoura- 
ging, seeing I have been at home six weeks, 
under the physician's care, and am no better. 
Little did I think, brother M., when I last 
saw you, that I should be in the situation I am 
now in. But thus it is; and I view the hand 
of the Lord in this affliction. Although I am 
in a dangerous state, I am about. Last week 
I returned from the sea shore, where I had 
spent a short season for the benefit of my 
health ; but the visit was of no advantage to 
me." 

He gave particular directions respecting the 
disposal of his books and other things which 
he left at the academy ; and appeared anxious 
that his affairs might be so adjusted, as not to 
burden his friends, should he not recover. Af- 
ter which he adds : 

"My prospects of recovery are dark. Tho 
cold which I caught had been of so long con- 
tinuance, before medical aid was applied, that 
it was unyielding to its influence. I employ 
Dr. A. who is very kind to me. He expects 
to meet Dr. C. the present week, that they 
10* 



108 

may consult together upon my case. I hop© 
you will not fail to visit me at the close of 
your present term ; but I hardly dare look 
forward so far ; and you must not be surpri- 
sed to hear of my dissolution before that time. 
Remember me to my brethren, and especially 
to Mr. T. I hope he will not be discouraged 
in his pursuits, but persevere. Remember me 
to Mr. B.'s and Mr. TVs family, also to my 
beloved instructor. 

William C. Bushnell. 

The week after the above letter was writ- 
ten, a number of physicians met for consul- 
ting in reference to his case. Mr. Bushnell 
thus speaks of it in a few lines to a friend. 

July, 8, 1831. 
The mainspring of my disease is a cough> 
which has attended me from its commence- 
ment. This cough seems to be produced by 
prurience in the throat, originating by phlegm 
upon the lungs. Dr. A, has tried in vain for 
eight weeks to remove my complaint, conside- 
ring all ineffectual without the blessing of 
God. I am very weak, and unable to bear 
much, although I occasionally go out in plea- 
sant weather. I am obliged to lie down two 



109 

or three times a day for rest. A consultation 
was held yesterday concerning me. Dr. C. 
frankly told me, that my case was dangerous. 
I am not cast down under these circumstances, 
but my natural spirits are good. 

To this time, Mr. Bushnell manifested 
some expectation that he should regain his 
health, and was anxious that all possible 
means might be used. He would frequently 
think himself better ; and would say, he ho- 
ped that he should soon be able to resume his 
studies. At times he spoke of his desires to 
live only for the glory of God. To one of 
his sisters who asked him why he desired to 
get well, he said, " That I may be prepared 
for greater usefulness in the church of Christ. 
I care not for the honors, or the riches of the 
world ; these 1 have given up all desire for. 
I think that I may be useful while pursuing a 
course of study ; and I desire to devote all my 
time and talents to the service of God. Yet 
I am willing the Lord's will should be done ; 
and if he has nothing more for me to do on 
earth, I am willing to go to another world, and 
to be employed in his service theie, for I hope 
never to be inactive." 



110 

Frankly told by physicians that his case 
was obstinate, his hope of recovery, which had 
but faintly glimmered for several weeks, was 
entirely extinguished. He immediately set his 
house in order, arranging his temporal affairs 
in a manner which he thought would add most 
to the comfort of his friends when gone. He 
gave directions for the disposal of every thing 
which he possessed. His books, which were 
of considerable value, he wished to have kept 
in his father's family, for their instruction and 
comfort. Having carefully looked over all his 
manuscripts ; some he destroyed, others he fi- 
led and gave to his sisters, telling them to lay 
them aside till he was gone ; then they would 
be a comfort to his friends. He seemed wholly 
weaned from the world, and looked away to 
another state as his home. Worldly conver- 
sation became more tedious, and the things of 
earth lost their relish. He would frequently 
say, " I love my neighbors and friends, but I 
long to have them converse with me on the 
subject of religion and death." 

During the second week in July, he was de- 
sirous that his friends and neighbors should 
hold a religious meeting in his room, that he 
might hear them sing and pray. They assem- 



Ill 

bled at five on Sabbath evening ; and he re» 
quested his sister to place his chair where he 
could look over the room, and see them all. 
The room was filled, and his countenance ap- 
peared animated. When the exercises were 
closed, he addressed them: " My dear friends, 
I thank you for coming hereto hold a meeting. 
It is three months since I attended any kind of 
religious meeting,and 0,how pleasant it is once 
more to attend." Heexhorted them to be engaged 
in religion, and concluded by saying that he was 
too weak to add farther. They engaged once 
more in singing, and almost every individual 
was affected to tears. 

Seldom have the children of God manifes- 
ted such resignation, heavenly mindedness, and 
strong faith, as appeared in the last days of the 
beloved subject of these memoirs. For seve- 
ral of the last weeks of his life, his convex sa- 
tion was highly edifying. Sensible that eter- 
nity was just at hand, he seemed waiting ak 
most with impatience. During his sickness he 
was attended by one of his sisters, who, with 
numerous other friends, received pious counsel 
from his lips, which we shall give a place in 
his own language, so far as it has been preser- 
ved. 



112 

He never appeared more cheerful and hap- 
py in conversation, than when the subject of 
death was brought to his very door ; and he 
often told his sisters, to request such as might 
come to see him, to converse freely upon death, 
that the subject might be made as familiar as 
possible, saying, " 1 must die soon, and we 
must all die soon ; and why keep the subject 
at a distance I" One morning he observed, 
11 I had some good conversation last night with 
my watcher, upon the subject of death." He 
was asked how death appeared ; " Solemn, but 
not dreadful ; I have given myself away to 
God, and he will take czre of me in the try- 
ing moment. I have not been afraid to trust 
him in health, and shall I distrust him in the 
hour of sickness and death]" He observed to 
his sister, " yesterday after I got through sha- 
ving me, I looked in the glass fifteen minutes, 
to see my pale face ; and how I shall look 
when I am dead ; my hollow cheeks, sunken 
eyes, pale lips, my flesh all cold, and limbs stiff; 
and, I thought how my friends will feel when 
they stand around my corpse." " How did it 
make you feel, William 1" " Solemn, but it 
did not alarm me; I could look upon all this 
with calmness." 



118 

Feeling a readiness to depart, it grieved him 
when he saw any unwillingness on the part of 
his friends ; and he endeavored to have them 
reconciled. It was said to him, " William, I 
have never been willing to have you die." He 
answered, " I must die soon. I am willing ; 
and my friends must be willing to let me go." 
He once bled at the lungs, which much alar- 
med his relatives, He begged them not to be 
frightened ; " 1 know that it is an alarming 
symptom, but it does not terrify me." 

Corroding disease continued steadily at its 
work, although he was enabled to walk about 
the house until the Sabbath before he died. 
To a brother in the church, who was very dear 
to him, he wrote the following. 

Saybrook, August, 1831. 

Brother P »-, 

It rejoices me to hear from you, and of your 
prosperity. I wish to say much to you, but 
my feeble health will suffer me to write only a 
few words. Through failure of my health, I 
have been obliged to relinquish my studies, and 
return to my father's. This is net all, for I 
am afflicted with a disease which is wasting 
me away, and which will soon terminate my 
earthly pilgrimage, I desire very much to 



114 

gge you, and to hold sweet communion with 
you, as in former days. 1 often think of you, 
and of those happy hours when we held social 
converse together Upon eternal things j and 
when we would unitedly pour out our souls in 
prayer* Should we not meet again in this world, 
I hope, brother, we shall meet in another and 
better, " where sorrow and sighing shall for- 
ever flee away/' and where we shall enjoy thg 
presence of our Saviour. I am unable to? 
write more. 

Your sincere friend, 

Wm. C. BtSHNELL. 

Favored with frequent visits from his bretlw 
rien in the church, and others, these seasons he 
enjoyed with great delight, in conversing Sbout 
death and eternity. His pastor, although he 
lived about three miles from his father's, visi- 
ted him often during his sickness* A neigh- 
boring clergyman said to him, " Mr. Bushnell, 
if you should die to day, do you think it would 
alarm you V* " No ; I think it would not. I 
cannot tell how I shall feel when the moment 
arrives; but now I feel willing to be in the 
hands of God, and to go whenever he calls." 

On Saturday, the third of September, Mrs. 
C. from Meriden called to see him. She ob- 



115 

served that his conversation was highly instruc- 
tive. Expecting soon to be conversant with 
the scenes of another world, he conversed 
about dying with composure, as if about to take 
a journey. His feet, which were much swol- 
len, indicated that his end might be near. Mrs. 
C. asked him if it did not occasion unplea- 
sant feelings for him to see them. He replied, 
u No more than it did for me to see them a 
year ago." 

About the middle of the next week, a pi- 
ous young man of his acquaintance, Mi. S., 
from Amherst academy, came to visit him. 
The subject of dying was introduced. Mr. 
Bushnell said, " There is a terror in death, 
dreaded by man and beast. The thought of 
the agony of death, causes many painful sen- 
sations ; but I can look away beyond the grave, 
with the hope of a blessed immortality." Mr. 
S. observed that his parting with him was truly 
affecting. Taking hold of my hand, he said, 
" I expect soon to meet you in heaven, I 
hope God will bless you in your studies. O, 
do be faithful ! I wish that you would go, and 
converse with A. on the subject of religion, and 
warn her to flee from the wrath to come. Be 
11 



116 

faithful to the young brothers and sisters in the? 
church." 

Until within a few days of his death , there 
were intervals when he had but little pain. 
At such seasons he conversed much with his 
sisters. On one occasion he observed, " I 
have so many kind friends to bestow every 
thing for my comfort, and have so little pain y 
that my sickness can hardly be called afflic- 
tion. The Lord is dealing very gently with 
me." Many presents were made him,, for 
which he always seemed grateful. Concer- 
ning a person who visited him almost every 
week during his sickness, he said, " What a 
dear friend J Who would ever have thought 
that he would have taken such an interest in 
my welfare ! I can never sufficiently thank 
him. I trust that God will reward him.- I 
am not sufficiently grateful to God for giving 
me such a friend." 

For the church to which he belonged, he ex- 
pressed the most tender solicitude. The case 
of young members in particular lay near his 
heart. To hear that they were stupid often 
caused him to weep. To his eldest sister he 
said, " Will Christians live so far from God 1 
Will they wound the cause of their Saviour 1 



117 

Do they remember their covenant obligations ? 
O, that they felt that they must soon die V* 
Desirous that his death might be sanctified to 
the church, he said, " What do you think 
I had better do ; if I have a message for 
the church — to leave it now — or, to speak 
if permitted from the borders of the grave? 
Would it not have greater effect just as I am 
going into eternity 1" On another occasion 
he said, " O, that I could see every member 
of the church, and speak with them on the im- 
portance of being engaged ! This church is 
nearer my heart than any other on earth ; and 
next is that in Meriden." The seasons of en- 
joyment, and his Christian friends in that place, 
were often mentioned by him with much fee- 
ling- " How much comfort have I taken 
there in the Bible elass — in the social prayer 
meeting — in the house of God — and during 
that precious revival there ! But I shall 
never see my Christian friends in that place 
again, unless they come to see me. But all 
Christians will soon meet in heaven." 

Until near the close of his sickness, he at- 
tended to the verse system, when his weak- 
ness prevented. Besides, he read in his Bible 
daily, although he was so weak that he was 
unable to hold it. After he could no longer 



118 

do this, he would frequently say to one of his 
sisters, " Read a verse for me to think of." 

Such of his impenitent friends as he could 
converse with, he solemnly warned. A young 
man who lived at a distance called to see him. 
He conversed with him until his strength fai- 
led. " You see me," said he, " about to 
go into eternity, and I expect to go to heaven. 
Shall I see you there ? What would you do 
if in such a situation as this ? I rejoice that I 
made my peace with God while in health ; if 
I had not then, I have no reason to think I 
should while laboring under my present dis- 
ease." Some time afterward his sister obser- 
ved him weeping. Inquiring the cause, he 
said, " O, how I long to have G. feel the im- 
portance of the solemn subject ! I have long 
desired to have him become a Christian." 

His last letter was addressed to a young 
man, who had been his room mate while he 
was at Monson Academy. 

Saybrook, Sept. 24, 1831. 
Dear Brother, 

I now attempt to write you a few lines, with 
the expectation that they will be the last, 
which I shall ever address to you. I trust 
that what sister has written to you, will be re* 



119 

ceived with as much satisfaction as if it was 
from my own hand. I believe that she has 
expressed the sentiments of my heart ; and 
that she feels deeply interested for your pros- 
perity. The tale respecting the state of my 
body and mind has already been told. I 
hope you will read it with calmness and sub- 
mission. I feel, brother, that ray time is short, 
and that ere long I shall be called away, 
where my soul will be at rest. I have a 
strong desire to see you again in the flesh ; 
but if not, 1 trust we shall meet each other in 
heaven, where we may hold communion with 
one another, and with the blessed Redeemer. 
Be of good courage, and go on ; the Lord 
will help you in the trying scenes through 
which you may pass. I wish you to remem- 
ber me to all my friends in Monson, and from 
me exhort them to see that their peace is made 
with God. 

William C. Bushnell. 

As his earthly house was dissolving, his fu- 
ture prospects seemed to brighten, and his 
faith to acquire increasing strength. It was 
said to him, the heart is deceitful above all 
things. " I know all this," said he, " but I do 
11* 



120 

believe that I love the Lord Jesus and his 
cause ; and I delight to engage in his service. 
I know the wickedness of my heart, but I be- 
lieve that my sins are forgiven. I have 
never seen the time since I indulged a hope, 
when it was not a delight for me to speak on the 
subject and to pray. I am not afraid to be in 
the hands of God, and at his disposal." To 
a person speaking of the mysterious provi- 
dence of God, in calling him away in early 
life, he said, "It is all right, and what I know 
not now concerning it, 1 think I shall know 
hereafter. God has a purpose concerning 
me, and I would not alter that purpose if I 
could. My appointed time must come, and I 
rejoice in that time." 

A desire was expressed that he might see 
his aged grandmother before he died. He re- 
plied, " It is of little consequence, for I shall 
soon see her in heaven. There I shall see 
God and the Saviour, and an innumerable 
company of angels, and the spirits of just 
men." 

At times, his cough was so violent, as to be 
almost insupportable. Under these afflictions 
he was cheerful and happy; and nothing 
grieved him more than to see his friends un« 



121 

reconciled. Once, while he was coughing, 
observing a friend manifest some uneasiness, 
after he had ceased, he looked up with a smile, 
and said, " I must request you not to feel so 
when I cough. I am willing it should be 
so; and you must be willing." On ano- 
ther like occasion, he said, " It is all right, just 
as it should be." 

After he had become so low that medical 
aid could do him no good, he requested his 
friends to send for his physician, remarking, 
that he was sensible he could not help him, 
but he desired to see him once more. When 
his physician came, he said to him, " I 
know you cannot cure me, for I do not expect 
to get well. You have done much for my 
comfort. I believe you have done every 
thing you could. You have been kind, and I 
thank you." He also requested his relatives 
to remember him with attention and respect 
for his kindness. 

On the Sabbath before his death he said to 
his eldest sister, " Tell Mr. Hovey that I de- 
sire the prayers of the church, that I may be 
prepared for the solemn hour of death ; and 
when it comes, that I may be supported. Tell 
him also to pray for the family, that they may 



122 

be supported." It was communion day, and 
the season was affecting. His case was men- 
tioned according to his request — not that he 
might be restored to health, but that he might 
be prepared for death. He said, " How can 
they pray in faith that I may get well, when 
no one believes that 1 shall ever get well, or 
live many days." 

Particular concern was felt by him for his 
friends, that they might be supported in the 
hour of his departure. While conversing 
with his sister on the subject, she said, " It 
will be hard, William, to see you lie in great 
distress." He was much affected. " I ex- 
pect S.," said he, " to suffer much pain before 
I die, unless I die suddenly ; and I think that 
I am willing ; and I desire you and all my 
friends to feel willing. When you see me in 
great distress, even when you come around 
my dying bed, if I should have my senses, I 
think that nothing would so much distress my 
mind, as to see you unreconciled. Those of 
the family who have the most grace, will, I 
think, be supported most ; but those who have 
no grace, I feel distressed about ; they will 
have nothing to support them. The family, 
I know, are all attached to me, and parting 



123 

will be hard. But O, do not be distressed,- 
How would you feel, if you had no hope for 
me?" He once said, "Do you not think M. 
feels different from what she has t" It was 
asked in what respect. "She appears more 
reconciled to my death, and seems to love to 
converse about it better than she did." 

Mr. Bushnell had until now, which was 
the second of October, been able to sit up a 
portion of the time, and to converse with free- 
dom at intervals. The progress of his disease 
had been uniform ; and his friends apprehen- 
ded no immediate danger in his case, until the 
next morning at four o'clock, when he was 
seized with severe pain in his side. Each re- 
maining day of his life will be particularly 
considered. 

Oct. 3. He failed rapidly through the day, 
In the evening it was thought that he would 
not live until morning. Several young per- 
sons came in, with whom he conversed in the 
most affectionate manner, telling them that he 
did not expect to live until morning, and that 
he should soon be in heaven, singing praise to 
his Redeemer. He took them by the hand, 
and urged them to be prepared for death, 
He spoke in the night to one who stood by his 



124 

bed, " Do you think I am failing fast?" " Yes, 
we do not think you can live long." He re- 
plied, " I think I shall not, and I wish to 
speak to all my friends." The family assem- 
bled around his bed, and he addressed them in- 
dividually. As he was unable to speak loud, 
he asked them to come near to his head. 

To his father he said, " I am going to glory, 
and hope you will meet me there/' To his 
mother, " I expected that we should spend eter- 
nity together in heaven, and thought you 
would go first; but 1 am going before you. 
We shall meet again, and never part. Be 
comforted, and do not mourn for me." To 
his eldest sister, " Do be engaged in religion ; 
and O, tell the church to be engaged ; and tell 
young converts to be engaged. Tell them to 
remember me, and be prepared to follow me 
to heaven." To another sister, " Do be sub- 
missive to the will of God in calling me away 
from you, and be engaged in the cause of 
Christ. I know it is hard for my friends to 
part with me. The ties of nature are strong ; 
I am sensible of it ; but God calls, and I 
must go to the mansions he has prepared for 
me." To those without hope, " O be prepa- 
red to meet your God. Repent and make 



125 

your peace with him now, and prepare to 
follow me into the world of spirits." 

Having addressed his friends, he fell asleep 9 
and no person supposed that he would awake 
in this world. To their surprise, he soon 
awoke, and seeing many about the room, he 
requested them to stand back, except his 
friends, whom he desired to have stand around 
his bed, that he might address them all at 
once. Looking upon them he said, " O, that 
E. # was here ! My dear friends, shall I meet 
you all in heaven, around that dazzling throne 1 
O, I am soon going} and you must all feel 
submissive. Do you feel reconciled V His 
mother replied, "Yes, dear child, I can let 
you go to your Heavenly Father." His coun- 
tenance then beamed with joy beyond what 
can be described. He continued to speak, 
" O, will you not all be engaged in religion 1 
Do not mourn for me, but mourn for poor impe- 
nitent sinners, and for an ungodly world." He 
was asked, " Is there any thing dreadful in 
death ?" " O no. I am ready to depart any 
moment." To those who were not his rela- 
tives he added, " Prepare for the solemn mo- 



* An absent brother, 



126 

ment of death. You have all been kind, and 
I thank you. Farewell, farewell." 

Oct. 4. Many came to see him and to hear 
from his dying lips. As it did not seem to in- 
jure him, free permission was given to enter 
his room, which was thronged much of the 
time. He was unwilling that any persons 
should leave, until he had spoken with them. 

From his severe attack with a pain in his 
side, he was much distressed until he died. 
He lay in a cold sweat ; his hands were pur- 
ple and cold. At times his features were 
much distorted with acute pain. Yet, not a 
murmur escaped him, and he seldom mention- 
ed his distress. 

On noticing any person in the room with 
whom he had not conversed, he would beckon 
with his hand, to have them come to 
his bed^ where he would take them by th6 
hand, and whisper his dying admonitions in 
their ears. 

In the evening, observing many in the room 
he said, " Why cannot we have a meeting of 
singing and prayer ?" His request was com- 
plied with, and he selected the following hymn, 
which he wished to have sung in Bray. 



127 

%< When languor and disease invade 

This trembling house of clay, 
'Tis sweet to look beyong my pains/- 

And long to fly away. 

Sweet to look inward, and attend 

The whispers of his love ; 
Sw T eet to look upward to the place 

Where Jesus pleads above. 

Sweet to reflect, how grace divine 

My sins on Jesus laid ; 
Sweet to remember that his blood' 

My debt of suffering paid. 

Sweet, in the confidence of faith, 

To trust his firm decrees ; 
Sweet to lie passive in his hand, 

And know no will but his." 

He requested those who sung to stand whetg 
he could see them. He asked Mr* S. to pray 
for the family, that they might be supported in 
the hour of his death. Mr. N. he desired to 
offer a prayer especially for him, that God 
would support him. When the meeting was 
closed, he observed, " How I enjoyed the 
singing and the prayers!" He slept but little 
during the night* Many of his brethren and 
sisters in the church were present, with whom 
he conversed considerable at intervals. To 

12 



128 

one brother he gave a message for him to de- 
liver, in his name, to the church. He also 
sent a message to his pastor, to be delivered to 
the church as his dying request. To a sister 
he said, " O Jesus ! Jesus ! Jesus ! He is pre- 
cious to my soul ! I am going to heaven and 
hope to see you there !" Through the whole 
night he was calm and happy ; gave some di- 
rections respecting his funeral sermon, and re- 
quested his friends not to dress in mourning. 
He spoke to his sisters about his grave clothes* 
They told him they were made. He answered 
with a smile, " you did right, now you will 
not have that to worry you." 

Oct, 5. As the light shone upon him, he 
said, " I have lived to see another day below., 
I did not expect it. I am so low, I fear that I 
shall not be able to say much if I should 
live." His distress for breath increased, and 
he was unable to speak without much pain. " I 
know," says he, " that it hurts me to speak ; 
but I must spend my dying breath in talking to 
those who come in." Many continued to fre- 
quent his room, few left him without recei- 
ving something from his dying lips. 

His distress continued to increase through 
the day, and with it his faith seemed more tri- 



129 

umphant. He was asked, have you any doubts? 
" O no ; my peace is made with God, and 
lie will receive me." He continued to mani- 
fest concern, lest his friends should be distres- 
sed when thev saw him going. 

Several impenitent youth came to his room. 
He took one of them by the hand, and asked 
if they would remember what he was about to 
say to them. " You see me," said he, " just 
going into eternity ; and what would you do, 
if you were on your dying bed 1 I entreat 
you to make your peace with God, Repent 
now of all your sins. I am going where I shall 
sing praise to my Redeemer in the mansions 
he has prepared for me." 

He was asked, how does it look down in 
that dark valley, and shadow of death? 
■ There is no darkness there, all is light." 
He inquired how long lie should probably live 
in that condition. It was answered, " We 
cannot tell. You have suffered much. How 
much more you are to suffer is unknown to us. 
Are you willing to lie in this distress, and warn 
sinners'?" He replied, " Just as long as the 
Lord has designed for me. All is right, and 
will be for the glory of God. I am willing 
that he should do as he pleases with me." 



180 

During the night, he could say but little.. 
His distress increased, and he requested a 
christian brother to go down stairs, and pray 
that God would support him. 

Oct. 6. Although a poor distressed creature, 
he had the complete use of his mental facul- 
ties; and his views of God and heaven acquired 
increasing brightness. His faith was unmoved, 
and not a cloud dimmed his prospect of the ce- 
lestial city. He was asked, Have you not 
one doubt 1 O no, not one? Although in such 
distress, he would still wave his hand for per- 
sons to come to his bed side, that he might 
converse with them. He was heard to say, 
" I am just going — I did not expect to live so 
long— There are mansions prepared for me in 
heaven — rl am going home — Christ will re- 
ceive me— Death has no terrors— All is 
peace !" It was asked him, "Are you wil- 
ling to live in this distress a little longer 1" 
" The will of God be done." 

About noon, two sisters in the church came 
to see him. He reached them his cold hand. 
To one, he said, " I am soon going, and you 
are but one step behind me. Prepare to fol- 
low me." There was to be a church prayer 
meeting that afternoon. He was asked, Have 



131 

you not one word to send to that meeting, as 
you know the object of it? " Yes ; tell them 
to pray for me ; that I may be supported. 
Pray for themselves, their children, the church, 
poor impenitent sinners, and a great revival." 
Continuing more quiet awhile, he spoke, 
" Why am I not breathing my last ?" Do 
you desire the moment to arrive ? " O yes !" 
He then repeated, 

" How long, dear Saviour, Oh, how long 

Shall this bright hour delay ? 
Fly swifter round, ye wheels of time, 

And bring the welcome day." 

Are you almost impatient ? " No ; the 
Lord's will be done." Seeing a number of 
persons look through the door, he said, " Who 
are those ?" It was answered, Your friends 
and neighbors, who wish to see you. " Do 
let them come in, and look at me, though I 
cannot talk with them." Do you wish to have 
people see you ? " O yes." 

His pain increasing, he said, " Do you not 
think I am now going?" We cannot tell. 
We should not be surprised if you should live 
but a few minutes. If you are going, have 
you any fears? " No ; there is nothing dread- 
12* 



132 

fttl in death." In this state he continued 
through the afternoon, and was able to speak 
at intervals. As night approached, his distress 
for breath seemed insupportable ; and he could 
say only one or two words at a time. The 
question was put to him for the third or fourth 
time of that day, Have you no doubts'? " Why 
no." His answer indicated surprise that they 
should continue to ask him. 

In the course of the night, he said, " Gne 
word more — one word more." It was asked, 
One word more to mel " No." To Father? 
" No." To Mother ? " No." Who then- 
sister A 1 She came to his bed. He labored 
hard to make her understand, but could not." 
He lay a moment, and then whispered, " What 
I have said." Do you mean that she must re- 
member what you have said 1 " Yes;" For 
about fifteen minutes after midnight, his mind 
seemed disordered, which was the only time in 
his sickness when he had not the complete use 
of his reason. From this he recovered, and 
knew all his friends, until a short time before 
the last struggle. 

He continued to breathe with more difficul- 
ty, and was considered dying. He spoke, 
"Neighbors, neighbors." Shall we call the 



133 

neighbors ? " No." Do you mean thank the 
neighbors ? " Yes." And thank Mr. S. for 
his kindness to you ? " Yes." His counte- 
nance then beamed " with joy unspeakable 
and full of glory." 

A few minutes before the last struggle, he 
was heard to say, "I have — endeavored — to do 
— my duty." These were his last words. 
About half past five his pangs ceased, and the 
spirit fled to the embrace of its Saviour. 

After he had ceased to breathe, his counter 
nance, which had been distorted by severe 
pain, assumed its wonted serenity, and conth> 
ued unaltered until his interment. In conse- 
quence of a violent rain on the day that 
his funeral solemnities were to be atten- 
ded, the funeral sermon was deferred until the 
next Sabbath. After an address by the pas- 
tor, followed the singing of the hymn, 

"Unveil thy bosom, faithful tomb, 
Take this new treasure to thy trust ; 

And give these sacred relics room, 
To seek a slumber in the dust. 

Nor pain, nor grief, nor anxious fear 
Invade thy bounds. No mortal woes 

Can reach the peaceful sleeper here, 
While angels watch the soft repose. 



134 

So Jesus slept ;— God's dying Son 
Pass'd thro' the grave, and blest the bed; 

Rest here, blest saint, 'till from his throne 
The morning break, and pierce the shade," 

Such as were prevented from following to 
the grave the remains of their departed friend, 
held a prayer meeting for the special object 
that his death might be sanctified to his survi- 
ving relatives and friends. It was an affecting 
interview, and the impressions made upon the 
minds of all present were such, as not easily to 
be effaced. On the next Sabbath, his funeral 
sermon was preached, from 2 Cor. v. 8. " We 
are confident, I say, and willing, rather to be 
absent from the body, and to be present with 
the Lord." 



REMARKS ANTD EXTRACTS FROM MISCELLA- 
NEOUS WRITINGS. 

It is a peculiarity of the religion of the gos- 
pel, that its advantages to its possessor are ever 
increasing. It is happy in its influence in ev- 
ery condition of life, even when the affairs of 
time present their largest demands on our at- 
tention, and the senses are most susceptible of 
enjoyment from them. But when these ad- 



135 

vantages cease to yield benefit, the benign in- 
fluence of piety continues its assistance, be- 
comes more necessary, and is accordingly more 
sensibly felt. Its consolations become stron- 
ger by age. In disappointment it more than 
repairs every loss, and when the world is re- 
ceding, it approaches with its sweetest com- 
forts. Like a faithful friend, it adheres most 
closely when most needed. That it was emi- 
nently so in the case of the subject of the pre- 
ceding narrative, will be unnecessary to say 
to those who have perused it. Though called 
to suffer much, yet, in view of the goodness of 
God, he could say, "my sickness can hardly 
be called affliction ; the Lord is dealing very 
gently with me." But in the last conflict, it 
destroys the sting of death, and gives victory 
over the grave. Such an exhibition of what 
religion can do, compels even the wicked to 
say, " Let me die the death of the righteous, 
and let my last end be like his." 

That, as a Christian, Mr. Bushnell was emi- 
nently pious and active, no person can doubt, 
after a perusal of his memoir. Humility was 
also a virtue in his character, which shone with 
peculiar grace. Bred to a laborious employ- 
ment, with no more than the advantages of a 



136 

common education his sphere of Christian du- 
ty was necessarily confined to the humble 
walks of life. But wherever he went, fidelity 
marked his path. In the village meeting, he 
refrained not "to reprove, to rebuke, to entreat 
with all long suffering ;" and in the family cir- 
cle, in the work shop, or by the way side, his 
counsel was enforced by his holy example. 

In his efforts to do good unto Zion, he acted 
with discretion. On coming into any place, 
he would ascertain the present state of reli- 
gion there. If cold, he would endeavor to 
arouse Christians ; if in a revival, he would 
urge the sinner to Christ. Before establishing 
a meeting, or taking any active measures, he 
would confer with the pastor. He would next 
consult with the leading members of the 
church. Thus, he would prepare the way for 
rendering himself useful in his Master's ser- 
vice, and avoid those difficulties which have 
obstructed the usefulness of many a warm 
hearted young Christian. 

From the time that he changed his religious 
character, he maintained a consistency of reli- 
gious feeling. To use his own language just 
before his death, " I have never seen the time 
since I indulged a hope, when it was not a de- 



137 

light for me to speak on the subject and to 
pray*" His purpose to live for God, was es- 
sentially the same at all times, and under all 
circumstances* 

But the most prominent virtue in his Chris- 
tian character, was, decision. To some, it 
might appear to amount almost to obstinacy. 
But this was by no means true. His mind was al- 
ways docile and open to truth. From his papers 
are found those which contain parallel passages 
of scripture, to prove some particular doctrine. 
On the same point is another paper, containing 
his own reasoning. In this way he formed his 
opinions, and was prepared to defend them 
with the sword of the Spirit. His conversa- 
tion on the doctrines of the Bible was edify- 
ing. He appeared like one who had derived 
his conclusions from much study and reflec- 
tion. This trait, so prominent in his religious 
character, was not confined to matters of reli- 
gion. It pervaded all his actions, and produ- 
ced a uniformity in his whole conduct. To 
labor with direct reference to the conversion 
of sinners, he believed to be a Christian duty, 
and his conduct was ever in accordance with 
this belief. 
His knowledge of the Bible was considerable, 



m 

and his views of its doctrines were decidedly 
evangelical. Although his advantages for stu- 
dying it were not great, yet they were impro- 
ved in a most diligent manner. He had in 
his library, Scott's commentary, and various 
other scripture helps. In the Sabboth school, 
and Bible class, he was, for a number of years, 
successfully engaged, both as a teacher and 
scholar. He had " the spirit of the age." 
Among his papers are a series of essays, en- 
titled, " Revival means," which appear to 
have been written with a view of promoting 
his own usefulness. Shortly before the failure 
of his health, he made an arrangement for tal- 
king charge of a Sabbath school in the place 
where he was residing. He always seemed 
rejoiced when Providence prepared the way 
for him to labor in his cause. 

At home, he was ever the obedient child, 
and the affectionate brother. It gave him a 
pleasure to help the wants of his friends ; and 
towards his parents, his conduct was marked 
with generosity. For kindnesses received from 
them he was grateful, peculiarly so in his sick- 
ness. For his sisters, he manifested the deep- 
est concern, and was especially desirous that 
they should profit by his death. 



139 

Except his relatives, there were none fof 
Whom he evinced greater anxiety, than those" 
young men of his acquaintance, who were 
preparing for the gospel ministry. He told his 
sisters to remeniber them, and such as were in- 
digent to alleviate their wants. He said tb 
them, " All that you would have done for me$ 
had I lived, do for them*" He selected a 
number of his books, which he requested might 
be given to particular persons of his class. 
He was afraid that the failure of his health 
would be attributed to study, and thus be the 
means of hindering others from going forward. 

As an ambassador of Christ, he promised to 
be eminently useful. Having commenced prepa- 
ration, his desire to preach the gospel was 
all that he wanted to live for, and the object 
which last clung to his heart. As necessary 
to his usefulness as a minister, he had a con- 
siderable acquaintance with the scriptures, 
had commenced a course of classical studies, 
and as more important than all, he loved the 
Lord Jesus Christ, to whom he had been suc- 
cessful in winning souls. 

The providence of God, which interrupted 
his expectations of usefulness, by calling him, 
as we trust, to his service in a better world, is 
13 



140 

to us mysterious. While we are thus taught 
truths of which we are so often reminded, it 
becomes us " to apply our hearts to wisdom," 
and to exercise the filial confidence of our de- 
parted friend, who said, " it is all right, and 
what I know not now concerning it, I think I 
shall know hereafter." 



The following articles were written by Mr. 
B. while a member of the Bible class in Meri- 
den. It will be remembered from a previous 
notice of that class, that writing was one of its 
exercises, among such as were disposed. The 
pieces were presented for the inspection of the 
pastor through the medium of a box, and thus 
the writers were unknown. Questions were 
presented in the same way for written disputes*- 

Is it right for ministers and private Chris- 
tians^ to urge sinners (in reliance upon the 
Divine aid) to the promise of immediately 
seeking the Lord ? 

In taking the affirmative of this question, I 
am aware that many things present themselves 
as objections in the minds of some persons. 



141 

It is true that there are ministers of the gos- 
pel and professing Christians opposed to this 
measure. And it is no less true, that impen- 
itent sinners, of every class, are heartily op- 
posed to the promise of seeking the Lord. I 
shall endeavor to prove, that it is right for sin- 
ners to make the promise to God, and express 
it to man ; and if so, it will follow of course 
that it is right to urge them to it. The nature 
of a promise is so obvious, that it needs no ex- 
tended explanation. What is meant by it in 
this case, is the same as, I" will now seek the 
Lord, or am determined, or resolved to seek 
Him. 

I would derive my first argument from its 
reasonableness, and the very nature of the case. 
Seeking the Lord implies a turning from the 
world to God — from sin to holiness. Here the 
voluntary agency of man is concerned, with- 
out which he never turns. The very act of 
turning to God, is man's own free act ; and as 
no act is performed without a previous deter- 
mination or resolution, so it is impossible that 
repentance towards God, and faith in Jesus 
Christ, the most important of all moral acts, 
should be performed without a decision which 
amounts to the promise in question. The Ian- 



142 

guage of the Holy Spirit is, " seek ye my 
face ;" and the reply of the sinner ought to 
be, " thy face, Lord, will I seek." It seems 
most reasonable and proper that this promise 
should be made to God, with whom is the 
contest, and whom we are bound to obey. If 
a person is willing thus to promise to God, how 
can he be unwilling to express it to a fellow 
mortal ? If it is right to urge upon sinners 
the duty of repentance,is it not equally right to 
urge upon them a resolution to repent ? If it 
is right for a man to urge the payment of a just 
debt, is it not equally right for him to urge a pro- 
mise to this effect 1 and more especially when 
he has all the means of its fulfilment ? With- 
out a promise to God, the work of seeking 
Him is not accomplised ; and as it is right to 
urge one, so it is right to urge the other. 

My second argument is derived from expe- 
rience. Doubtless every Christian remem- 
bers the time, when he was determined to cast 
himself upon Christ for salvation ; and when 
he was willing to express a promise to this ef- 
fect, either in the hearing of men, or of God 
alone. Many persons may be found, who for 
months, and perhaps for years were seriously 
impressed with divine truth ; yet, for the want 



148 

of decision remained in their sins ; but on 
coming to the promise of immediate submis- 
sion, they soon found themselves at the feet of 
the Saviour, rejoicing in hope. Hundreds of 
hopeful converts might be mentioned, who up- 
on being invited to the promise of seeking the 
Lord, obstinately refused. But upon being 
urged by the most weighty arguments, and mo- 
tives the most powerful which heaven, earth 
and hell can furnish, they were at length con- 
strained to yield. They entered fully into the 
promise of immediately seeking the Lord, and 
by the grace of God assisting them, they soon 
found Him to the joy and satisfaction of their 
souls. And these same converts date their 
first lasting impressions at this period, which 
to them is one of the most important of any in 
their lives ; and while they regret their rebel- 
lion and obduracy, they rejoice in view of the 
promise which they made, and remember with 
tenderness and affection, him, who amidst all 
their opposition, labored with patience and 
faithfulness for the salvation of their souls. 
And, while they now adore the long suffering 
of a reconciled Saviour, they feel humble in 
view of their past stubbornness and impeni- 
tence. 

*13 



144 

The third argument which I offer, is deri- 
ved from the testimony of scripture. In J oshua 
the twenty-fourth chapter, we have a memo- 
rable promise; "But as for me and my house, 
we will serve the Lord." Again, "And if 
it seem evil to you to serve the Lord, choose 
ye this day whom ye will serve. And the 
people said unto Joshua, Nay, but we will 
serve the Lord. And Joshua said unto the 
people, ye are witnesses against yourselves, 
that ye have chosen you the Lord, to serve 
Him. And they said, we are witnesses." 
Although Joshua was not numbered among 
impenitent sinners, yet it is evident that he 
saw and felt the necessity of promising to 
serve the Lord, both on his own account and 
that of others. In 2 Chron. 15th chapter, it 
is written, " And they entered into a cove- 
nant to seek the Lord God of their fathers 
with all their heart. And they swore unto the 
Lord with a loud voice." In 2 Chron. we 
have recorded the example of Hezekiah ; and 
in the 34th of the same book we have that of 
Josiah. We have also another example in the 
9th chapter of Nehemiah. In the 50th chap- 
ter of Jeremiah, we have the very language 
of the inquiring sinner, who is willing to pro- 



145 

mise to seek the Lord. The parable of the 
prodigal contains likewise another example 
of this sort. " I will arise and go unto my 
father." Here we see the resolution formed 
and the promise made. The Scriptures 
throughout abound with numerous other pas- 
sages which might be cited as proof on this 
subject; but we believe that enough have 
been quoted to prove the point in question be- 
yond all doubt. 

The main objection which the impenitent 
usually make to promising is, they are afraid 
that they shall not fulfil. The same objection 
may be used in reference to all promises where 
there is ability to execute. The opposition of 
the carnal heart to promising, however manifes- 
ted, I think may be regarded as proof that it is 
right. 



Vain Amusements. 

We have often been pointed to the theater, 
the circus, the ball room, and to numerous 
places where vanity in hundreds of forms 
shows itself among rational beings, whose chief 
end is to glorify their Maker. But without con- 
sidering the amusements of these places, which 



146 

I believe to be sources of vice, I will no- 
tice the more common forms in which vanity 
is apparent, and where persons seem to forget, 
" that for these things God will bring them in- 
to judgment." It is admitted that men are 
made social beings, and that as such, it is- 
highly becoming to meet together for purposes 
of social intercourse. Far be it from me to 
say a word against the social circle, in any of 
its forms, where men act as immortal beings. 
But we will look into those parties of pleasure 
where a precious afternoon, or evening, is pas- 
sed away, not in conversation on reli- 
gious subjects, or those which improve the 
mind or manners ; but in mirth, regardless of 
the happiness or woes of mankind — forgetful 
of the true interests of their being, and of 
God. " Whatsoever ye do," saith the Holy 
Ghost, " do all to the glory of God." And 
is it to the glory of God, or the happiness of 
man, to spend time in this manner? Let it 
not be supposed that this command is addres- 
sed to the Christian alone ; but it is equally bin- 
ding on all. Some persons who are number- 
ed among the flock of Christ, have only sepa- 
rated themselves from the world in name. 
They seem too desirous to be friends with the 



147 

world, anxious to make some compromise with 
the wicked, so as to gain the esteem of all. 
But how completely do such defeat their own 
aims. Instead of gaining the esteem of the 
worid, they lose it. The gay, in their mo- 
ments of reflection, despise in their hearts 
that professing Christian whom they can per- 
suade to unite with them in their scenes of 
mirth; while in their better judgment, they 
commend the decided and steadfast. But the 
question is asked, wdiat are vain amusements'? 
I reply, all w T hich yield us no lasting pleasure, 
which neither improve our minds or increase 
our usefulness. All our actions are to be re- 
garded either as positive or negative, either as 
conferring upon us some good, or robbing us 
of something that is valuable. The man to 
whom God gave w r isdom and understanding 
hath said, Si Go to, new, I will prove thee 
with mirth ; therefore enjoy pleasure ; and 
behold, this also is vanity." 



What kind of preaching has a most direct 
tendency to promote revivals of religion. 

Feeling most unfit for writing upon a question 
of this nature, I w r ould offer my sincere and 



148 

candid opinion ; hoping that my remarks will 
not be regarded as censorious, or as aiming to 
direct the ministers of Christ. 

First, We cannot expect that preaching, 
which is exclusively addressed to Christians, 
either by way of reproof or exhortation, to 
have the desired effect. Sinners are not dis- 
posed to apply any part of divine truth to 
themselves, even if directly aimed at them. 
Much less will they make a self application of 
that which is addressed to professors of reli- 
gion. They exult to have them censured, and 
to see their errors exposed. Preaching calcu- 
lated merely to excite the passions and work 
upon the imagination, is not likely to promote 
a revival. The preacher who as a " lord over 
God's heritage," regards his opinion para- 
mount to others, who have had much more ex- 
perience than himself, will not probably pro- 
mote a good work of grace. He who endea- 
vors to modify alarming Scripture expressions, 
who, as it were, blunts the point and dulls the 
edge of the sword of the Spirit, will not be 
likely to wield this great instrument in the 
work of regeneration with success. 

Let a subject be chosen suited to the exi- 
gencies of the occasion. Let the text be ex- 



149 

plained and its doctrine deduced. Let the ob- 
ject in view be kept prominent throughout the 
discourse, and the ideas of the speaker be 
clearly expressed. Without entering into 
metaphysical discussions, which a portion of 
his hearers will not probably understand, let 
the reasoning be plain, and such as will be 
convincing to ordinary minds. As one of the 
strong holds of Satan is about to be attacked, 
every weapon should be in readiness for the 
contest. The minister should feel that souls 
are at stake, that the inhabitants of the eternal 
world are looking with intense interest to see 
the result of the contest ; and that he is ame- 
nable to the tribunal of heaven, for the man- 
ner in which he handles " the weapons of the 
holy war." Let the Divine law be so presen- 
ted that transgressors shall be slain ; and by 
enforcing the commandment, revive sin in 
the sinner's view, until he shall feel that it 
is an odious and bitter thing. The excuses 
of the impenitent should be swept away as re- 
fuges of lies ; the sword of the Spirit thrust 
through his heart until he shall plead for mer- 
cy. Point him to the cross of Christ, where 
his wounds may be healed, and where he can 
find shelter from the storms of impending 



150 

wrath; Let the sweet accents of pardon greet 
his ear in this hour of bitterness and woe. 

Besides the direct influence of such prea- 
ching as will arouse the impenitent, it will 
also quicken and animate the true followers of 
Christ. I know of nothing more effectual in 
arousing Christians to fervent prayer and en- 
gagedness, than to see the alarming condition 
of the sinner portrayed. I believe that it is 
more in view of this, that they exert them- 
selves, than by all the blessedness of heaven 
which is proffered to their acceptance. The 
warm-hearted Christian often goes to the house 
of God, hoping that something may he said 
to awaken the impenitent, although he feels 
deeply the need of reproof and counsel. 



If God decreed that Judas should betray 
Christ, could he have prevented it ? 

As this question is somewhat ambiguous, in 
order to meet the writer's views of it, I shall 
consider it in two senses;; First, If it was 
decreed from eternity that Judas should com- 
mit this act, could God have prevented him ? 
A short reply to the question in this form, will 



V 



151 



I think, be satisfactory. It is not inconsis- 
tent with the declaration of the Deity, " I am 
the Almighty God," to assert that he cannot do 
things which in their nature are impossibilities. 
That God is immutable, is as true as his word, 
which it is impossible should be false. Now 
for God to decree that Judas should betray 
Christ, and afterward prevent it, is impossible, 
because that would make himself mutable. 
We cannot suppose that God can do an act, 
without first determining to do it. Therefore, 
the question may be reduced to this : if God 
decreed that Judas should pursue a particular 
course of conduct, could he afterwards decree 
that he ' should not pursue the course of con- 
duct in question] 

The other sense in which the question may 
be understood is, Could Judas have avoided 
betraying Christ, if God had foreordained 
that he should betray him? I shall take it 
for granted that the death of Christ, and the 
events connected with it, were decreed from 
eternity; and if so, they were certain of ac- 
complishment. It is also evident that Judas 
by his conduct, incurred a tremendous woe, 
which proves his exceeding guilt. He acted 
from choice. No physical force was applied 
14 



152 

to compel him to act contrary to his will ; but 
he had the voluntary exercise of those pow- 
ers which he might have used to the glory of 
his Maker. But how can it be true that he 
might have acted to the glory of his Maker, 
when God had determined that he should act 
otherwise? Perhaps it may be well here to 
notice the distinction between natural and mo- 
ral inability, as it is made by the divines. We 
are said to be naturally unable to do an act 
when we cannot if we are willing, We are 
morally unable to do an act from the want of 
an inclination, or the strength of a contrary 
inclination, or the want of sufficient motives. 
With this distinction, we may assert that Ju- 
das had no natural inability to refrain from 
betraying his Master, but that he was morally 
unable. In this sense, all moral beings in the 
universe can love God, so far as natural abili- 
ty is concerned. Even lost spirits are un- 
der obligation to cease their blasphemies and 
praise their Maker. Yet, it is said of them, 
that they cannot cease from sin. But why I 
I answer, because they will not, and their 
wills will never be changed. In the case of 
Judas, I suppose that God justly withdrew 
those motives from him, which had hitherto 



153 

Influenced his will, and left him to the domin- 
ion of sin, which he had been accumulating, 
and to the temptations of Satan whose willing 
servant he was. When God withdrew his in- 
fluence from him, it was rendered certain that 
he would betray his Master, although he ex- 
erted no positive influence upon him. This 
explanation does not make God chargeable 
with being the cause of his guilt, no more 
than the sun is the cause of darkness when he 
withdraws his light. 

But it is asked, Why blame Judas for doing 
what he had a moral inability to avoid, and 
what God had decreed he should do ? I an- 
swer, that command and obligation to obe- 
dience, are consistent with moral inability to 
obey ; and the greater the inability, or want 
of will, the greater the guilt. Admitting that 
Judas was doing God's will, and thus fulfil- 
ling a prophecy, his conduct on this account 
was not justifiable. He meant it for evil, 
and is no more to be justified on this ground, 
than the brethren of Joseph for selling him 
into Egypt, or the murderers of Christ. He 
acted contrary to God's revealed will, by 
which he was bound to regulate his conduct. 
He acted from wicked motives, and hence his 
guilt. * 



154 

Because the carnal mind is enmity against 
God. Rom. viii. 7. 

We behold man, as soon as capable of mo- 
ral action, exhibiting marks of depravity. As 
he advances in years, so his sinful propensi- 
ties become more apparent from his actions. 
At first, he may be seen opposing the authori- 
ty of his parents, then in more daiing acts 
of revenge towards the objects of his displea- 
sure. Perhaps, under the influence of pas- 
sion, or bent on mischief, he is no less ready 
to retaliate, than to become an offender. He, 
may be enjoying the instructions of godly 
parents, and yet the exhortations and tears of 
a pious mother be unheeded, and the child in- 
crease in sin, as he increases in stature. Be- 
sides the operations of the evil passions visi- 
ble to man, are his secret sins in the light of 
God's countenance. The eye of Purity sees 
the opposition to his will, the rejection of his 
word, and the resistance of his Holy Spirit. 
In love and faithfulness to his soul, set before 
him his alienation from God ; inquire into his 
hopes and prospects for the future world ; tell 
him that he is lost and exposed to fu- 
ture wrath; urge upon his acceptance the 

4 



155 

terras of salvation, and how does his heart re- 
volt! With what indifference, if not opposi- 
tion, does he treat the message ! Perhaps he 
admits what \ou tell him, as mere abstract 
truths, but regards them as having no applica- 
tion to him. He is hardened through the de- 
ceitful ness of sin. He is unawed by the thun- 
ders of Sinai. He is neither alarmed by the 
horrors of hell and the torments of the dam- 
ned, nor allured by the joys of heaven and 
the happiness of the blessed. With indiffe- 
rence he can view the suffering Saviour in the 
garden of Gethsemane — can see him betray- 
ed by a professed disciple, arraigned before 
an earthly tribunal, treated with all the in- 
dignities the wicked Jews could heap upon 
him, condemned, and led away to Calvary. 
He is unmoved by the agonies of the cross, in 
view of which the heavens and the earth gave 
signs of distress. Such being the condition 
of man, well may the " heavens be astonish- 
ed, and horribly afraid." 



14* 



156 
It is the Spirit that quickeneth. John vi. 63. 

The Saviour, when on earth, promised to 
send his Holy Spirit, " to reprove the world 
of sin." Accordingly we find man arrested 
in his wanderings from God, and like the pro- 
digal, coming to himself. The truth of God's 
word begins to affect his heart, and he is ready 
to exclaim : 

" Alas, alas f how blind I've been. 
How little of myself I've seen f 
Sportive I sailed the sensual tide, 
Thoughtless of God, whom I defied.' f 

He reflects upon his former hardness of 
heart, and stubbornness of will, in the neglect 
of eternal things, and wonders at the forbear- 
ance of God which has kept him out of hell, 
His sins appear like mountains, and are rea- 
dy to overwhelm him. He flies to the burn- 
ing mount, hoping to appease the anger of 
God by his supposed works of righteousness. 
But it thunders in his ear, " Cursed is every 
one that continueth not in all things. The 
soul that sinneth it shall die." In vain he en- 
deavors to remove the burden of sin by his 
good deeds, for his best services are but filthy- 
rags. He approaches a fellow mortal with 



157 

the anxious inquiry, " What shall I do 1" and 
is pointed to the Lamb of God, who taketh 
away the sin of the world. But such is his 
sense of guilt, that he fears there is an eternal 
barrier between him and the Saviour. He looks 
backward with regret, and forward with horror. 
Being at enmity with God, he hates his Son, 
and resists the Holy Spirit. At one time his 
heart is ready to break in view of the good- 
ness of God ; at another, all is darkness and 
distress. Sometimes he may be ashamed of 
his seriousness, and ready to quench the Spir- 
it, and brave the terrors of Almighty wrath ; 
but halting, he listens to the solemn interroga- 
tion of Jehovah, "Can thine heart endure, can 
thine hands be strong in the day when I shall 
deal with thee?" and forbears while he reflects, 
" Who among us shall dwell with devouring 
fire 1 who among us shall dwell with everlast- 
ing burnings ?" The Spirit still strives— Saints 
urge him to a bleeding Saviour ; but oh this 
unwillingness to yield — this reluctance to bow! 
He now sees that a solemn crisis has come. 
His language is, "if I stay here I die, if I go 
back I die." The command of Jehovah, 
" Choose you this day whom ye will serve," is 
presented to him, enforced by all that is ter- 



158 

rible in threatenings, by all. that is alluring in 
promises. He resolves, in reliance upon the 
aid of the Spirit, to submit himself to the Sa- 
viour, to be his for time and for eternity. 



The Convert. 
See him who for years has been wandering 
through a darksome vale, under the bondage of 
sin, now breaking from the gloom and death 
which has brooded over his soul, and entering 
into the liberty which is enjoyed by the chil- 
dren of God. With what raptures he beholds 
his Redeemer, and in what elevated strains he 
sings the wonders of his love ! How high does 
he estimate that grace which saves the rebel- 
lious from hell, and gives them a seat at the 
right hand of the Judge ! With deep repen- 
tance he looks upon his past life, and with a 
firm reliance upon the aids of God's Holy 
Spirit, he resolves to live to his glory, and to 
spend the remainder of his days in the service 
of Christ. And while, with an eye of faith, 
he contemplates the infinite fullness there is in 
Christ, and the glories which surround his 
throne, with feelings of pity he remembers his 
former companions in sin, and like the pro- 
phet of old, he invites them, " Come thou 



159 

with us, and we will do thee good." But how 
joyful to him is their repentance and return. 
It fills his heart with holy love and gratitude 
to his Saviour, and in unison with those who 
worship in the immediate presence of God, he 
exclaims, 

" A hand divine shall lead you on, 

Through all the blissful road ; 
? Till to the sacred mount you rise, 

And see your smiling God." 



The Christian'* s prospect at death. 
Let the Christian who is fainting, lift up his 
eyes and look forward, for his redemption 
draweth nigh. Why should he be the subject 
of bondage through fear of death ! Why 
start back with dismay at the hour of his de- 
parture, which he should meet with thankful- 
ness and joy ! All things are his, " whether 
it be the world, or life, or death." Let him 
think on his inestimable privileges. Adopted 
into the family of heaven — an heir of God, 
and joint heir with Jesus Christ. What grea- 
ter tilings can be said of the Christian than 
this ; for, what may he not expect. The idea 
is grand beyond description ! Who can con- 
ceive, who can describe the immense riches of 
the Divine nature ! Who can possibly dive 



160 

into the depths of his grace, or ascend the 
heights of his love ! Who can form an ade- 
quate idea of his blessedness and glory 1 A 
being ever the same in all the excellences of 
his perfection, in all the fullness of his Godhead. 
No communications impoverish Him. He is 
the overflowing source of all good. Why 
should the Christian be discouraged with the lit- 
tle trifles of the present scene ; for God is his 
father, and friend, and everlasting portion ? It 
is not felicity, it is not the saints, it is not hea- 
ven merely that he is to possess. — O, then, let 
no worldly care or vexatious trifle depress his 
spirits ; for the Creator of heaven and earth 
is his God — his glory forever. How insignifi- 
cant are. all the trials of the way, when we 
consider the end. An eternity of happiness ! 
How welcome, death to introduce us to the 
grand scene ! How bright the Christian ap- 
pears as he draws near it ! What a majesty 
in his death ! What a glory in his hope ! 
Hear his expiring language, "Farewell all ter- 
restrial scenes ! I know that my Redeemer 
liveth !" What a happy exchange ! Earth 
for heaven — Time for eternity — Sorrow for 
uninterrupted, everlasting joy ! 



161 



TRIBUTARY LINES. 

FURNISHED BY AN INTIMATE FRIEND OF THE SUBJECT 
OF THIS MEMOIR. 

'Tis done ;— thy heart is stilled, its pangs are o'er,— 
Death's dews are on thy brow — thy voice no more, 
In warning notes, shall greet the sinner's ear, 
Nor angel-like, the fainting pilgrim cheer. 
A ray from heaven thy soul illumed, and then 
Thy spirit sighed, and yearned o'er dying men — 
And the rapt seraph near the burning throne, 
Sweeps from his lyre a sweeter, louder tone, 
While herald angels wide through heaven proclaim 
Thy pledge, " through earth" to bear Messiah's name. 
Thou icouldst have stood by Afric's sunny streams, 
Or broke the charm of India's fatal dreams, 
Then slept at last, where spreading banians wave 
In living green, o'er classic Heber's grave. 
But He, whose hand rolls on the wheeling spheres— 
With living stones, His holy temple rears — 
Took thee from earth, His radiant light to share, 
A polished gem to shine forever there. 
But oh, the scenes of thrilling, deathless power, 
That gathered round and blest thy closing hour !• 



162 

When crer thee bent an anxious, tearful band, 
To watch for Death, and catch thy last command f 
When waiting spirits hov'ring seemed to say, 
" O haste my brother, haste thee— come away;" 
Thy wing was plumed— thine ear heard angel-lyres— 
Thy fading eye then beamed unwonted fires ; 
Not like the star, that oft at evening gleams 
5 Mid op'ning clouds, then wraps in gloom its beams ; 
But like the morn's last star, whose farewell ray, 
Melts and is lost in the full light of day. 

Farewell ! Yet oft the tear of love shall lave 
The flowers that spring to deck thy early grave, 
While thou wilt stand with full unclouded sight, 
Where glories rise 'mid uncreated light — 
Where as on ages circling ages roll, 
A Savior's smiles shall feast the raptured souh 

C. 



THE END* 



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